Polar and lipophilic extracts characterization of roots, stalks, leaves and flowers of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and insights for its future valorization

authors	Silva, RP; de Melo, MMR; Silvestre, AJD; Silva, CM
nationality	International
journal	INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
author keywords	Antioxidant capacity; Chemical composition; Eichhomia crassipes; Phenolics; Stigmasterol; Water Hyacinth
keywords	SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; MART SOLMS; BARK; OIL; NUTRITION; CAPACITY; RECOVERY
abstract	Eichhornia crassipes is an invasive plant whose individual morphological parts (roots, stalks, leaves, flowers) were studied for the first time in terms of polar and lipophilic extractives. The former attained yields between 10.0% (wt.), for roots, and 28.84% (wt.), for stalks. Concerning lipophilic extracts, 29 compounds were identified by GC MS and yields ranged from 1.12% (wt.) for roots to 4.45% (wt.).for flowers. Among these compounds, stigmasterol obtained from stalks and leaves exhibited values up to 4437 mg kg(biomass)(-1) and concentrations up to 15.15 wt.%, placing E. crassipes as one of the richest vegetal sources for this molecule. Moreover, polar extracts from leaves exhibited very strong antioxidant activity as well as the highest concentration in phenolics, rendering leaves the major provision of this family of compounds within the studied morphological parts. In the whole, this study suggests that leaves and stalks of E. crassipes are a noteworthy source of stigmasterol and antioxidant extracts, which may open the way for the valorization of this fast growing invasive species. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
publisher	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
issn	0926-6690
year published	2015
volume	76
beginning page	1033
ending page	1038
digital object identifier (doi)	10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.055
web of science category	Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy
subject category	Agriculture
unique article identifier	WOS:000364890600126