Optimization of bitumen formulations using mixture design of experiments (MDOE)

authors	Varanda, C; Portugal, I; Ribeiro, J; Silva, AMS; Silva, CM
nationality	International
journal	CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
author keywords	Aromatic extracts; Bitumen; Penetration; Softening point; Vacuum residue
keywords	RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; POLYPHOSPHORIC ACID PPA; WARM MIX ASPHALT; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PERFORMANCE; MODEL
abstract	This work addresses the preparation of bitumen blends using asphaltic residue, vacuum residue, and three aromatic extracts (by-products) from the refining process of base oils. A constrained mixture design was adopted to guide bitumen formulation. The measured responses were fitted to Scheffe polynomial models, namely a quadratic model for the penetration value and a linear model for the softening point. Both models were validated using ANOVA. In a second stage the quadratic model was used to design formulations with a precise penetration value. The predicted and measured responses demonstrate the accuracy of both models with average deviations of only 4.67% and 1,53% for penetration and softening point, respectively. In the whole, mixture design has been shown to be a successful and essential tool for bitumen formulation especially if the blends involve a large number of components. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
publisher	ELSEVIER SCI LTD
issn	0950-0618
year published	2017
volume	156
beginning page	611
ending page	620
digital object identifier (doi)	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.146
web of science category	Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
subject category	Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science
unique article identifier	WOS:000413879400057