abstract
Reclaiming water for cooling systems in oil refineries has been strongly encouraged over the past years for decreasing the large consumption of fresh water, thus contributing to the efficient use of this valuable resource. In a recent study [Journal of Environmental Management 261 (2020) 110229], some of the authors studied the retention of phenols in refinery wastewater through reverse osmosis (RO) and found rejections of up to 98% of phenols and 99% of both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). The permeates complied with the quality standards for make-up water in cooling processes. A missing aspect, important for the water to be used in the oil and gas industry, was the level of corrosivity of the new permeates. In this work the corrosion of mild carbon steel in the permeates and in the original cooling tower make-up water was studied by electrochemical techniques. The corrosion rate of steel in the permeates in aerated conditions was lower (between 0.053 +/- 0.006 and 0.123 +/- 0.011 mm year(-1)) than in the make-up water (0.167 +/- 0.030 mm year(-1)) confirming their suitability for replacing make-up water in the cooling towers. The low corrosion of carbon steel was attributed to the low conductivity and absence of oxidizing species in the fluids, compared to fresh water.
keywords
PHENOL REMOVAL
subject category
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
authors
Bastos, PDA; Bastos, AC; Ferreira, MGS; Santos, MA; Carvalho, PJ; Crespo, JG
our authors
António Alexandre Cunha Bastos
Assistant Researcheracknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from Galp and Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal) through the PhD grant PD/BDE/128604/2017 (Pedro D. A. Bastos) in a PhD project within an industrial environment and Doctoral Program in Refining, Petrochemical and Chemical Engineering (EngIQ). P. J. Carvalho also acknowledges FCT for a contract under the Investigador FCT 2015, contract number IF/00758/2015. AB acknowledges FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the DecreeLaw 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19. This work was supported by the Associated Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry - Clean Processes and Technologies - LAQV and by CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials, which are financed by Portuguese national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020, UIDB/50011/2020 and UIDP/50011/2020) and co-financed by the ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDERe 007265).