abstract
A critical overview of the separation of three relevant triterpenic acids, namely betulinic, oleanolic, and ursolic acids, by liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography is presented in this review. These triterpenic acids are commonly found in different biomass residues and have raised great research attention in recent years due to their broad and valuable therapeutic properties. Accordingly, fundamental aspects such as solubilities in single and mixed solvents, commercial stationary phases (octadecylsilyl and other bonded phases like triacontylsilyl, as well as porous graphitic columns), custom adsorbents (molecularly imprinted polymers and other polymeric adsorbents), mobile phases (conventional HPLC solvents and super/subcritical fluids), mobile-phase modifiers (acidic, basic, and cyclodextrins), pre-column derivatization strategies, and influence of temperature have been compiled, analyzed and thoroughly discussed in terms of (calculated) separation selectivities, peaks resolution, orders of elution, systems descriptors, etc. The most relevant achievements and gaps in this area of research are highlighted, together with a final comparison of the separation performance of the chromatographic systems reported in the literature.
keywords
MOLECULARLY-IMPRINTED POLYMERS; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POROUS GRAPHITIC CARBON; DERIVATIZED BETA-CYCLODEXTRINS; MIXED-MODE CHROMATOGRAPHY; RP-HPLC-FLD; TRITERPENIC ACIDS; PENTACYCLIC TRITERPENOIDS; IONIZABLE COMPOUNDS
subject category
Energy & Fuels; Engineering
authors
Azenha, IS; Simoes, MMQ; Mendes, A; Silva, CM
our authors
Carlos Manuel Silva
Associate Professor
Ivo Samuel Caniceiro Azenha
PhD StudentProjects
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDP/50011/2020)
Associated Laboratory CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (LA/P/0006/2020)
acknowledgements
Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on). This work was developed within the scope of projects: CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020 & LA/P/0006/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); Multibiorefinery project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403); project LAQV-REQUIMTE (UIDB/QUI/50006/2020) financed through national funds and, where applicable, co-financed by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement; Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006939 (Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy-LEPABE funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Inter nacionalizacao (POCI). I.S. Azenha acknowledges a PhD grant from Fundacao para Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portugal) (grant number SFRH/BD/126509/2016).