abstract
Garcinia mangostana extract (GME) has severe pharmacokinetic deficiencies and is made up of a variety of bioactive components. GME has proven its anti-Acanthamoeba effectiveness. In this investigation, a GME-loaded niosome was developed to increase its potential therapeutic efficacy. A GME-loaded niosome was prepared by encapsulation in a mixture of span60, cholesterol, and chloroform by the thin film hydration method. The vesicle size, zeta potential, percentage of entrapment efficiency, and stability of GME-loaded niosomes were investigated. The values for GME-loaded niosome size and zeta potential were 404.23 +/- 4.59 and -32.03 +/- 0.95, respectively. The delivery system enhanced the anti-Acanthamoeba activity, which possessed MIC values of 0.25-4 mg mL(-1). In addition, the niosomal formulation decreased the toxicity of GME by 16 times. GME-loaded niosome must be stored at 4 degrees C, as the quantity of remaining GME encapsulated is greater at this temperature than at room temperature. SEM revealed the damage to the cell membrane caused by trophozoites and cysts, which led to dead cells. In light of the above, it was found that GME-loaded niosomes had better anti-Acanthamoeba activity. The study suggested that GME-loaded niosomes could be used as an alternative to Acanthamoeba's therapeutic effects.
keywords
GAMMA-SCINTIGRAPHIC EVALUATION; IN-VITRO; GARCINIA-MANGOSTANA; VESICLES NIOSOMES; ALPHA-MANGOSTIN; PHARMACOKINETICS; NANOPARTICLES; OPTIMIZATION; FORMULATIONS; BINDING
subject category
Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
authors
Sangkana, S; Eawsakul, K; Ongtanasup, T; Boonhok, R; Mitsuwan, W; Chimplee, S; Paul, AK; Saravanabhavan, SS; Mahboob, T; Nawaz, M; Pereira, ML; Wilairatana, P; Wiart, C; Nissapatorn, V
our authors
Maria de Lourdes Gomes Pereira
Associate Professor with Aggregationacknowledgements
We highly appreciate for the support of The Royal Patronage of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn - Botanical Garden of Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat-Thailand, under the project entitled: Medicinal Thai Native Plants against Acanthamoeba triangularis and co-infection of Acanthamoeba with other microorganisms (RSPG-WU-26/2566).