abstract
The aim of this work is to compare the efficiency of different hydrophobic alcohol -based deep eutectic solvents in the liquid-liquid microextraction of three different herbicides, including alachlor, atrazine, and metribuzin from water and fruit juice samples. Thymol was combined with four aliphatic alcohols (1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, and 1-dodecanol) to prepare hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to be used in the extraction process. The conductor -like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was employed to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the prepared solvents and the effect of DES composition on the solubility of the herbicides. Among different molar ratios of thymol and aliphatic alcohols, 2:1 was predicted as the most efficient one in the extraction of herbicides using COSMO-RS. Also, the predicted densities and viscosities of the DESs prepared were in the range of 0.899-0.911 g/mL and 4014.9-21600 cP, respectively. All the solvents prepared exhibited switchable hydrophilicity by changing pH. The highest extraction yield of the target compounds, 55-73 %, was achieved using thymol and 1-octanol (2:1). Experimental design showed the optimal extraction conditions to be 100 mu L of 5.2 M KOH, 131 mu L of HCl 5 M, and 97 mu L of thymol: octanol (2:1). The method showed a reproducibility better than 3.8 % and the limits of detection were between 0.03 mu g/L and 0.05 mu g/L.
keywords
EXTRACTION
subject category
Engineering
authors
Fattahi, N; Zohrabi, P; Shiri, F; Sosa, FHB; Hashemi, B
our authors
Filipe Hobi Bordon Sosa
Junior ResearcherProjects
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDP/50011/2020)
Associated Laboratory CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (LA/P/0006/2020)
Collaboratory for Emerging Technologies, CoLab (EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES)
acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Research Council of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences for the financial support (Grant Number: 4020293) . This work was also partly developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020 & LA/P/0006/2020, financed by National funds through the FCT/MEC (PIDDAC) and financed by FCT/MCTES (Portugal) through the project PTDC/03787/2022. Filipe H. B. Sosa acknowledge FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I.P. for the researcher contracts 10.54499/2022.07209.CEECIND/CP1720/CT0019 under the Scientific Employment Stimulus-Individual Call.