abstract
Barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles were prepared using both microwave- and conventional oven-assisted hydrothermal syntheses with varying reaction times (1 h, 3 h, and 6 h). In the case of the conventional oven-assisted hydrothermal syntheses, 16 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h reaction times were also studied. Structural and morphological evolution of BT particles were investigated. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis allowed for the rapid formation of nearly pure barium titanate (BT) phase in just 1 h at 200 degrees C. On the other hand, using a conventional oven as the heat source required at least 6 h of synthesis to achieve a similar material. When the different BT powders were pelletized and sintered at 1300 degrees C, ceramics with over 95 % density were obtained. The room-temperature (RT) dielectric permittivity exceeded 1750 for BT particles prepared over 6 h using both heating methods. However, a significant distinction emerged when comparing the piezoelectric coefficient (d(33)) values. The BT pellet obtained through the sintering of BT synthesized in the conventional oven for 6 h exhibited a notably higher d(33) value, approximately 171 pC/N, as opposed to the 146 pC/N value observed in BT ceramics resulting from the microwave synthesized powders. Among the ceramic BT variations, the one derived from the best-crystallized tetragonal BT particles (CON_72h) displayed the lowest d(33) value at 79 pC/N. These findings underscore the immense potential of microwave- and conventional oven-assisted hydrothermal syntheses in the sustainable production of BT nanomaterials, which can then be sintered to enable the preparation of ceramics with enhanced ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties.
keywords
TITANATE THIN-FILMS; BARIUM-TITANATE; TETRAGONAL BATIO3; CHALLENGES; POWDERS; HISTORY
subject category
Materials Science
authors
Sá, FG; Silva, MRF; Guzmán, DL; Ivanov, M; Tkach, A; Vilarinho, PM; Ferreira, P
our authors
Maxim Ivanov
Researcher
Oleksandr Tkach
Principal Researcher
Paula Celeste da Silva Ferreira
Coordinating Researcher
Paula Maria Lousada Silveirinha Vilarinho
Vice DirectorProjects
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDP/50011/2020)
Associated Laboratory CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (LA/P/0006/2020)
Projeto de Investigação Exploratória: Paula Ferreira (IF_Paula Ferreira)
acknowledgements
This work was developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020 & LA/P/0006/2020) financed by national funds by the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia/Ministerio da Educacao e Cultura (FCT/MEC) through the program PIDDAC (Programa de Investimento e Despesa de Desenvolvimento da Administracao Central). FGS, MRFS, DLGS and PF also thank the FCT for the grants SFRH/BD/150787/2020, SFRH/BD/ 145661/2019, UI/BD/151142/2021 and IF/00300/2015, respectively.