abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and the second leading cause of death by cancer. Despite recent advances, the mortality rate remains high, underlining the need to develop new therapeutic approaches. The complex interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial in determining tumor progression, therapy response, and patient prognosis. Understanding the role of immune cells in carcinogenesis and tumor progression can help improve targeted therapeutic options, increasing the likelihood of a favorable prognosis. Therefore, this review aims to critically analyze the complex interaction between tumor cells and immune cells, emphasizing the clinical and therapeutic implications. Additionally, we explore advances in immunotherapies, with a focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors.
keywords
DELTA T-CELLS; INNATE LYMPHOID-CELLS; TH17 CELLS; NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; PATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE; SUPPRESSOR-CELLS; MYELOID CELLS; NK CELLS; EXPRESSION; INFILTRATION
subject category
Oncology
authors
Moura, T; Laranjeira, P; Caramelo, O; Gil, AM; Paiva, A
our authors
Ana Maria Pissarra Coelho Gil
Associate Professor with AggregationProjects
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDP/50011/2020)
Associated Laboratory CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (LA/P/0006/2020)
acknowledgements
AMG acknowledges the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), UIDB/50011/2020 (DOI 10.54499/UIDB/50011/2020), UIDP/50011/2020(DOI 10.54499/UIDP/50011/2020) & LA/P/0006/2020 (DOI 10.54499/LA/P/0006/2020).