resumo
The following porous aluminosilicates were tested as acid catalysts in the reaction of furfuryl alcohol (FA) with ethanol, at 140 C: micro/mesoporous composite Beta/TUD-1 and the correspondent nanocrystalline (large pore) zeolite H-Beta; ITQ-2 and its zeolite counterpart (medium pore) H-MCM-22; mesoporous Al-TUD-1. The target product ethyl levulinate (EL) was formed with a yield up to 80%, at 24 h reaction (100% FA conversion). Relationships between the catalytic results and the acid and texture properties of the catalysts were established. Comparative studies for the aluminosilicates and the well-known sulfonic acid resin AmberlystTm-15 were reported on the basis of EL yields, the undesirable formation of diethyl ether, and catalyst stability (regeneration and reuse). A study of the reaction products was carried out by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
palavras-chave
TRANSPORTATION FUELS; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; BIOMASS; ETHANOL; AROMA; XYLOSE; 1,1-DIETHOXYETHANE; ETHERIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; DIMETHYLFURAN
categoria
Chemistry; Engineering
autores
Neves, P; Lima, S; Pillinger, M; Rocha, SM; Rocha, J; Valente, AA
nossos autores
Anabela Tavares Aguiar Valente
Investigador Principal
João Rocha
Prof. Catedrático
Martyn Pillinger
Investigador Principal
Patrícia dos Santos Neves
Investigador Auxiliaragradecimentos
We are grateful to Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Programa Operacional Ciencia e Inovacao (POCI) 2010, Orcamento do Estado (OE), Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) for general funding (project POCTI/QUI/56112/2004), and to CICECO (Pest-C/CTM/LA0011/2011) and QOPNA (Research Unit 62/94, project PEst-C/QUI/UI0062/2011). We acknowledge the FCT for post-doctoral grants to P.N. (SFRH/BPD/73540/2010) and S.L. (SRFH/BPD/23765/2005). The authors thank Magda Santos and Celeste Azevedo for the assistance in the GC x GC-ToFMS and thermal analyses, respectively, and Professor Maria Filipa Ribeiro and Doctor Auguste Fernandes (Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Tecnico) for their previous collaboration in the measurements of the acid properties of the aluminosilicates.