Polysaccharide Structures and Their Hypocholesterolemic Potential

resumo

Several classes of polysaccharides have been described to have hypocholesterolemic potential, namely cholesterol bioaccessibility and bioavailability. This review will highlight the main mechanisms by which polysaccharides are known to affect cholesterol homeostasis at the intestine, namely the effect (i) of polysaccharide viscosity and its influence on cholesterol bioaccessibility; (ii) on bile salt sequestration and its dependence on the structural diversity of polysaccharides; (iii) of bio-transformations of polysaccharides and bile salts by the gut microbiota. Different quantitative structure-hypocholesterolemic activity relationships have been explored depending on the mechanism involved, and these were based on polysaccharide physicochemical properties, such as sugar composition and ramification degree, linkage type, size/molecular weight, and charge. The information gathered will support the rationalization of polysaccharides' effect on cholesterol homeostasis and highlight predictive rules towards the development of customized hypocholesterolemic functional food.

palavras-chave

BILE-ACID-BINDING; PLANTAGO-OVATA-FORSK; PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR; IN-VITRO FERMENTATION; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; GUAR GUM; DIETARY-FIBERS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES; CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION

categoria

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

autores

Silva, IMV; Machado, F; Moreno, MJ; Nunes, C; Coimbra, MA; Coreta-Gomes, F

nossos autores

agradecimentos

This research was funded by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT)/MCTES for the support to the research units QOPNA (FCT UID/QUI/00062/2019), LAQV-REQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020), CICECO (UIDB/50011/2020& UIDP/50011/2020) and CQC (UIDB/00313/2020 & UIDP/00313/2020),; and also supported by the projects PTDC/QUI-OUT/29373/2017 and POCI01-0145-FEDER-031032, through national funds (OE) and where applicable co-financed by the FEDER, by the Operational Program of Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. I.M.V.S and F.M.C.G. were supported by master fellow and research contract framed on PTDC/QUI-OUT/29373/2017 project. Fernanda Machado acknowledges FCT for her PhD fellowship with the reference 2020.06768.BD. This work was also funded by national funds (OE), through FCT, I.P., within the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19.

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