resumo
The growing environmental concerns and increasing volumes of end-of-life tires (ELT) have driven global interest in sustainable recycling solutions. Pyrolysis has emerged as a promising thermochemical process for converting waste tires into valuable materials, including tire pyrolysis oil (TPO), gas, and recovered carbon black. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of scientific literature and patents, focusing on reactor technologies, operating conditions, and innovations that influence product distribution and quality. The study explores key parameters - temperature, pressure, particle size, and residence time - highlighting their impact on pyrolysis efficiency and the characteristics of the resulting products. Particular attention is given to reactor design advancements, including fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, auger, rotary kiln, and stirred systems, as well as patent-driven innovations in heat transfer, mixing, and energy integration. Challenges related to the variability and quality of recovered carbon black and its integration into new tire manufacturing are critically assessed, with emphasis on the need for process optimization and post-treatment strategies to meet industrial carbon black standards and support circular tire manufacturing.
palavras-chave
WASTE TYRE PYROLYSIS; FIXED-BED REACTOR; ROTARY KILN; CARBON-BLACK; PILOT-SCALE; SCRAP TIRES; TEMPERATURE; OIL; VALORIZATION; PARTICLES
categoria
Engineering
autores
Maganinho, C; Silva, CMC; Costa, SMR; Mendes, A; Rocha, J; Silva, CM; Portugal, I
nossos autores
Carlos Manuel Silva
Professor associado
Inês Portugal
Professor Auxiliar
João Rocha
Prof. CatedráticoProjectos
Collaboratory for Emerging Technologies, CoLab (EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDP/50011/2020)
Associated Laboratory CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (LA/P/0006/2020)
agradecimentos
This work was developed within the scope of projects CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 (DOI 10.54499/UIDB/50011/2020) , UIDP/50011/2020 (DOI 10.54499/UIDP/50011/2020) , LA/P/0006/2020 (DOI 10.54499/LA/P/0006/2020) , LEPABE, UIDB/00511/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00511/2020) , UIDP/00511/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDP/00511/2020) , and ALiCE, LA/P/0045/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0045/2020) , financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) . C.M.C.S. thanks the support of H2Driven Green Agenda", nr. C644923817-00000037, investment project nr. 50, financed by the Recovery and Resilience Plan (PRR) and by European Union-NextGeneration EU.