resumo
In the present work, a new approach comprising the use of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with bio-based molecular solvents for extracting phytosterols from the macroalga Codium tomentosum was developed. Preliminarily, four different solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and propan-2-ol) at two distinct temperatures (40 and 100 degrees C) were tested, with ethyl acetate at 40 degrees C yielding the highest phytosterol content (63.0 f 0.14 mg phytosterols/ g extract). Subsequently, the extraction conditions, namely the temperature (40-100 degrees C), time of extraction (15-75 min) and biomass weight (0.2-0.7 g) were optimized using a Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions to maximize the phytosterols content were determined to be time of 15 min, temperature of 40 degrees C and biomass weight of 0.4 g biomass, for which the experimental phytosterol content was achieved to be 70.3 f 0.20 mg of phytosterols/g of extract. The extract obtained at the optimal ASE conditions was further compared with extracts obtained by two conventional extraction procedures. Finally, the environmental analysis footprint of the ASE process compared to conventional methods was carried out using the EcoScale methodology. Overall, our process resulted in a more enriched-phytosterols extract compared to Soxhlet and solid-liquid extractions, while at the same time significantly reducing the extraction time.
palavras-chave
PRESSURIZED LIQUID EXTRACTION; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS; PLANT STEROLS; BROWN SEAWEED; FATTY-ACIDS; GREEN; MACROALGAE
categoria
Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
autores
Resende, J; Rocha, J; Silvestre, AJD; Santos, SAO
nossos autores
Armando Jorge Domingues Silvestre
Professor Catedrático
João Rocha
Prof. Catedrático
Judite Resende
Estudante de doutoramento
Sónia Andreia Oliveira Santos
Professor AuxiliarGrupos
G1 - Materiais Porosos e Nanossistemas
G4 - Materiais Renováveis e Economia Circular
G5 - Materiais Biomiméticos, Biológicos e Vivos
Projectos
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDP/50011/2020)
Associated Laboratory CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (LA/P/0006/2020)
agradecimentos
This work was developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 (DOI 10.54499/UIDB/50011/2020), UIDP/50011/2020 (DOI 10.54499/UIDP/50011/2020) & LA/P/0006/2020 (DOI 10.54499/LA/P/0006/2020), financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC). This work was also developed within the project (ALGREEN, 2022.04670.PTDC, DOI 10.54499/2022.04670.PTDC), financially supported by national funds (OE), through FCT/MCTES. Acknowledgments are also due to FCT/MCTES for the Ph.D. grant to Judite Resende (SFRH/BD/08821/2020) and for the researcher contract under the Scientific Employment Stimulus to Sonia A. O. Santos (CEECIND/03348/2021) .