resumo
Anthropogenic activities have introduced various contaminants into freshwater and marine ecosystems. Microplastics (MPs) are persistent and ubiquitous contaminants threatening natural ecosystems and impairing organisms at different biological levels of organization. Their durability and degradation rate pose a great concern in the scientific community, and thus, several techniques have been used to detect MPs effectively. The present study critically reviews the most commonly used techniques (FTIR, Raman, and fluorescence) and others considered novel regarding MP detection and characterisation, namely LIBS. Despite the effectiveness of such methodologies, none are free from drawbacks. The scientific community must join efforts to create, for example, innovative real-time (bio)sensing methodologies for MPs to overcome this gap.
palavras-chave
MARINE-ENVIRONMENT; IDENTIFICATION; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; WASTE; POLLUTION; PYROLYSIS; HEALTH; QUANTIFICATION; NANOPLASTICS
categoria
Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy
autores
Fernandes, R; Martins, R; Marques, C
nossos autores
Carlos Marques
Professor AuxiliarProjectos
Associated Laboratory CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (LA/P/0006/2020)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDP/50011/2020)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020)
Collaboratory for Emerging Technologies, CoLab (EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES)
agradecimentos
The NANOGREEN (CIRCNA/BRB/0291/2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.54499/CIRCNA/BRB/0291/2019) and DigiAqua (10.54499/PTDC/EEI-EEE/0415/2021) projects are funded by national funds (OE), through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Thanks are also due to FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020LA/P/0094/2020) and CICECO (LA/P/0006/2020, UIDP/50011/2020, UIDB/50011/2020), through national funds, to Rita Fernandes (PRT/BD/154317/2023), through a Doctoral grant, and to R. Martins (2021.00386.CEECIND; DOI: https://doi.org/10.54499/2021.00386.CEECIND/CP1659/CT0011). We also acknowledge the financial support of the European Union's Horizon Programme through the project SAFERCOAT, under the grant agreement no. 101182588. The research was co-funded by the financial support of the European Union under the REFRESH - Research Excellence For REgion Sustainability and High-tech Industries project number CZ.10.03.01/00/22_003/0000048 via the Operational Programme Just Transition. This work was also supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic, conducted by the VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, under grants no. SP2024/081 and SP2024/059. Rita Fernandes would like to acknowledge Tampere and Aveiro Universities for providing the necessary resources.