Effect of the surface functionalization of a waste-derived activated carbon on pharmaceuticals' adsorption from water

resumo

The functionalization of a paper mill sludge-based activated carbon (AC) was addressed in this work for the first time. Four different procedures have been accomplished in order to introduce amine functional groups (AC-NH2 and AC-APTES), thiol functional groups (AC-MPTMS), and a covalent organic polymer (AC-COP) onto the AC surface. The materials were characterized showing that the functionalization was succeeded, with a reduction of the specific surface area (S-BET), except for AC-MPTMS. The produced AC were tested for the removal of six pharmaceuticals - carbamazepine (CBZ), lorazepam (LOR), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), piroxicam (PIR), paroxetine (PAR), and venlafaxine (VEN) - from different matrices (ultrapure water, ultrapure water with pH adjusted to 7.6, and effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)). The results indicated textural parameters, S-BET, micropore area and micropore volume, as the main factors influencing the adsorption, except for AC-NH2 which showed a great specificity for PAR and VEN. Also, AC-MPTMS presented a high removal percentage of the antibiotic SMX in wastewater. Overall, AC-MPTMS and AC-APTES provided, respectively, the best and the poorest adsorptive performance. Although the functionalization did not result in the enhancement of pharmaceuticals' adsorption as compared with the parent AC, the selectivity for some pharmaceuticals was highly improved. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

palavras-chave

ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS; DRINKING-WATER; DIAZONIUM IONS; REMOVAL; CARBAMAZEPINE; PRODUCTS; POROSITY; PPCPS; AREA

categoria

Chemistry; Physics

autores

Jaria, G; Lourenco, MAO; Silva, CP; Ferreira, P; Otero, M; Calisto, V; Esteves, VI

Grupos

G1 - Materiais Porosos e Nanossistemas
G2 - Materiais Fotónicos, Eletrónicos e Magnéticos

Projectos

CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UID/CTM/50011/2019)

Projeto de Investigação Exploratória: Paula Ferreira (IF_Paula Ferreira)

agradecimentos

This work is a contribution to the projects RemPharm and WasteMAC (PTDC/AAG-TEC/1762/2014 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028598, respectively) funded by FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I.P., through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. Thanks are also due for the financial support to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017/2019), to FCT/MEC through national funds, and the co -funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. This work was also developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, FCT Ref. UID/CTM/50011/2019, financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES. GJ thanks FCT for her PhD grant (SFRH/BD/138388/2018) supported by national funds and FSE through FCT, POCH (Programa Operacional Capital Humano) and European Union; MO and PF are thankful to FCT for the Investigator Program (IF/00314/2015 and IF/00300/2015, respectively) and VC is thankful to FCT for Scientific Employment Stimulus (CEECIND/00007/2017). Milton Fontes and workers of Aveiro's WWTP (Aguas do Centro Litoral) are gratefully acknowledged for assistance on the effluent sampling campaigns.