resumo
Quick Response (QR) codes are a gateway to the Internet of things (IoT) due to the growing use of smartphones/mobile devices and its properties like fast and easy reading, capacity to store more information than that found in conventional codes, and versatility associated to the rapid and simplified access to information. Challenges encompass the enhancement of storage capacity limits and the evolution to a smart label for mobile devices decryption applications. Organic-inorganic hybrids with europium (Eu3+) and terbium (Tb3+) ions are processed as luminescent QR codes that are able to simultaneously double the storage capacity and sense temperature in real time using a photo taken with the charge-coupled device of a smartphone. The methodology based on the intensity of the red and green pixels of the photo yields a maximum relative sensitivity and minimum temperature uncertainty of the QR code sensor (293 K) of 5.14%K-1 and 0.194 K, respectively. As an added benefit, the intriguing performance results from energy transfer involving the thermal coupling between the Tb3+-excited level (D-5(4)) and the low-lying triplet states of organic ligands, being the first example of an intramolecular primary thermometer. A mobile app is developed to materialize the concept of temperature reading through luminescent QR codes.
palavras-chave
ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRIDS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; NANOCRYSTALS
categoria
Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
autores
Ramalho, JFCB; Correia, SFH; Fu, LS; Antonio, LLF; Brites, CDS; Andre, PS; Ferreira, RAS; Carlos, LD
nossos autores
Carlos Brites
Professor associado
João Filipe Candeias Baptista Ramalho
Estudante de doutoramento
Lianshe Fu
Investigador Auxiliar
Luís Carlos
Professor Catedrático
Maria Rute de Amorim e Sá Ferreira André
Professor Catedrático
Sandra Filipa Henriques Correia
InvestigadorProjectos
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UID/CTM/50011/2019)
Díodos emissores de luz (LEDs) branca, inovadores, sintonizáveis e sustentáveis (WINLEDs)
SGH : Smart Green Homes (Smart Green Homes)
SusPhotoSolutions - Soluções Fotovoltaicas Sustentáveis (SUSPHOTOSOLUTIONS)
agradecimentos
This work was developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, FCT Ref. UID/CTM/50011/2019), Instituto de Telecomunicacoes (FCT Ref. UID/EEA/50008/2019), WINLEDs (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030351), and Smart Green Homes (POCI-01-0247-FEDER-007678) financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC and when appropriate cofinanced by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership through European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the frame of Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme (POCI). C.D.S.B. and S.F.H.C. thank SusPhotoSolutions - Solucoes Fotovoltaicas Sustentaveis, CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000005, and Solar-Flex, CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-030186, respectively. The authors acknowledge Vitor Amaral (U. Aveiro) and the heat@ua project (RECI/CTM-CER/0336/2012) for IR thermal camera measurements.