Deep desulfurization of fuels: Are deep eutectic solvents the alternative for ionic liquids?

authors	Lima, F; Branco, LC; Silvestre, AJD; Marrucho, IM
nationality	International
journal	FUEL
author keywords	Deep desulfurization; Deep eutectic solvents; Ionic liquids; Extractive desulfurization; Oxidative desulfurization; Real fuel matrices
abstract	The impact of fossil fuels impurities on outdoor air pollution is today a matter of great concern, with the transportation sector playing a major role. Given global efforts to reduce sulfur oxides emissions, and the increasingly tighter legislations, removal of sulfur contaminants liquid highway fuels is a pressing issue worldwide. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed state of the art review concerning the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in the removal of sulfur pollutants from transportation fuels. Furthermore, a comparative evaluation regarding the use of these solvents versus Ionic Liquids (ILs) is also provided, taking into account several aspects, such as, evolution of technologies, solvents composition, extraction efficiencies and environmental and economic considerations. The large gap in terms of efficiency of the reported technologies, either using ILs or DES, between simulated matrices and real fuels is also discussed, highlighting the importance of academia and industry hand in hand work.
publisher	ELSEVIER SCI LTD
issn	0016-2361
isbn	1873-7153
year published	2021
volume	293
digital object identifier (doi)	10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120297
web of science category	19
subject category	Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
unique article identifier	WOS:000640515600012