abstract
The use of charcoal for cooking and heating can be a major source of air pollution and lead to a wide range of health outcomes. The aim of this study was to experimentally quantify and characterise the gaseous and particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions from charcoal combustion in a typical brick barbecue grill. The gaseous emission factors were 219 44.8 g kg(-1) for carbon monoxide (CO), 3.01 0.698 g kg(-1) for nitrogen oxides (NOx expressed as NO2), and 4.33 +/- 1.53 gC kg(-1) for total organic carbon (TOC). Particle emissions (7.38 +/- 0.353 g kg(-1) of dry charcoal burned) were of the same order of magnitude as those from traditional residential wood burning appliances. About 50% of the PM2.5 emitted had a carbonaceous nature while water soluble ions accounted, on average, for 17% of the particulate mass. Alkanes (Cu-Cm and C-23), hopanes, steranes and alkyl-PAHs accounted for small mass fractions of PM2.5. Phenolic compounds and saccharides represented the major particle-bond organic constituents. The high proportion of either resin acids or syringyl and vanillyl compounds is consistent with emissions from charred coniferous wood. The ratios between anhydrosugars for charcoal are much lower than the values reported for lignite combustion, but overlap those from other biomass burning sources.
keywords
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FINE-PARTICLE EMISSIONS; RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION; OPERATING-CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR TRACERS; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; ALPHA-PINENE; INDOOR AIR; FUELS; FIREPLACE
subject category
Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
authors
Vicente, ED; Vicente, A; Evtyugina, M; Carvalho, R; Tarelho, LAC; Oduber, FI; Alves, C
our authors
Ricardo Luís Teles de Carvalho
Post-Doc FellowshipGroups
acknowledgements
Thanks are given to the POHP/FSE programme and to the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT) for funding the scholarships SFRH/BPD/88988/2012, SFRH/BD/117993/2016 and SFRH/BPD/123176/2016. An acknowledgment is also due for the financial support to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017), to FCT/MEC through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020.