abstract
The performance of CpMo(CO)(3)CH(3) as a catalyst precursor in the epoxidation of cis-cyclooctene and R-(+)-limonene with tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP), at 55 degrees C, was investigated for the first time using microwave (MW)-assisted heating, and the results were compared with those obtained using conventional heating with a thermostated oil bath (OB). The reactions were carried out under monophasic (no co-solvent, or with 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene, hexane) or biphasic liquid-liquid (using the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [BMIM][BF(4)]) conditions. The heating methods did not affect product selectivity: 100% to cyclooctene oxide, and 93% to limonene oxide (66-72% diastereomeric excess, trans-1,2-(+)-limonene oxide) at 80% limonene conversion. However, the initial reaction rates strongly depend on the applied heating method. The favourable MW effect is essentially due to the faster heating up of the reaction mixture increasing the overall epoxidation rate in the early stage of the heating process, which is supported experimentally by a comparison of (i) the measured temperature vs time curves, (ii) the kinetic data for the MW method with that for the OB method where the reagents and reactor walls are pre-heated (OB-preH method), and (iii) the estimated apparent activation energies and pre-exponential factors for the two olefins using the MW, OB, and OB-preH methods. The crystal structure of the molybdenum tricarbonyl catalyst precursor was unveiled from single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies at 150K. The complex crystallises as a racemic twin in the monoclinic P2(1) space group. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
keywords
CAMBRIDGE STRUCTURAL DATABASE; MAIN-GROUP ELEMENTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; IONIC LIQUIDS; TRICARBONYL COMPLEX; CARBONYL-COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; TRANSITION-METALS; INDENYL LIGANDS
subject category
Chemistry
authors
Abrantes, M; Neves, P; Antunes, MM; Gago, S; Paz, FAA; Rodrigues, AE; Pillinger, M; Goncalves, IS; Silva, CM; Valente, AA
our authors
Anabela Tavares Aguiar Valente
Principal Researcher
Carlos Manuel Silva
Associate Professor
Filipe Alexandre Almeida Paz
Principal Researcher
Isabel Maria de Sousa Gonçalves
Associate Professor
Maria Margarida Feitor Pintão Moreno Antunes
Junior Researcher
Martyn Pillinger
Principal Researcher
Patrícia dos Santos Neves
Assistant Researcheracknowledgements
We are grateful to the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal), POCI 2010, OE and FEDER for funding through the projects PTDC/QUI/65427/2006 and PTDC/QUI/71198/2006, and for financial support towards the purchase of the single-crystal diffractometer.