resumo
Organotin compounds (OTs) are ubiquitous contaminants with a broad range of applications ranging from biocides and pesticides to catalysts for the production of polyurethane foams and silicones. The deleterious effects of some OTs (particularly tributyltin - TBT) upon wildlife and experimental animals are well documented and include endocrine disruption, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity and metabolic dysfunction in which obesity is included. However, virtually no data on the current human exposure levels is available. In order to bridge this gap, we quantified for the first time the levels of OTs in duplicate diet samples from members of the University of Aveiro in Portugal. OTs were detected in 32% of the 28 diet samples analyzed, at relatively low levels. TBT and monobutyltin were detected only in two samples and dibutyltin was detectable in three samples. Dioctyltin was quantified in four samples and monooctyltin in three samples. Phenyltins were below the detection limit in all the diet samples analyzed. Overall, for the vast majority of the samples (89%), the estimated daily intakes (EDI) of organotins through food were much lower than the established tolerable daily intakes (TDI). Hence, for the majority of the participants the risk associated with food ingestion is low. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
palavras-chave
OCTYLTIN DICHLORIDE DOTC; HUMAN HEALTH-RISKS; DEVELOPMENTAL IMMUNOTOXICITY; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; OBESOGEN TRIBUTYLTIN; BUTYLTIN RESIDUES; IN-VITRO; DIBUTYLTIN; EXPOSURE; SEAFOOD
categoria
5
autores
Sousa, ACA; Coelho, SD; Pastorinho, MR; Taborda-Barata, L; Nogueira, AJA; Isobe, T; Kunisue, T; Takahashi, S; Tanabe, S
Grupos
agradecimentos
The authors sincerely acknowledge all the volunteers who kindly collected during an entire week their duplicate diet samples. We also acknowledge the comments and suggestions of the reviewers that contributed to improve the quality of this work. This work is supported by FEDER funds through the POCI - COMPETE 2020 - Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization in Axis I - Strengthening research, technological development and innovation (Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007491) and National Funds by FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology (PEst-C/MAR/LA0017/2013 and Pest-C/SAU/UI0709/2011, Project UID/Multi/00709/2013). Ana C. A. Sousa and Sonia D. Coelho acknowledge FCT for the grants SFRH/BPD/65884/2009 and SFRH/BD/78168/2011, respectively. This study was partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) to a project on Joint Usage/Research Center - Leading Academia in Marine and Environmental Research (LaMer), Ehime University. Further financial support was provided by the Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S: 26220103 and A: 16H01784) of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture and Technology (MEXT) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).