resumo
This study explored the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) from the highly polluted pulp and paper industry black liquor effluents by utilizing the mesoporous tenorite (copper oxide) nanomaterials (NMs) prepared by ultrasonic irradiation. The catalyst prepared was fully characterized in terms of chemical, structural, micro-structural, and surface characteristics. The optimization of the TOC removal was performed using the Taguchi methodology and by manipulating the operational parameters such as reaction time, initial pH, temperature, sonication time, the dosage of NMs as well as the effect of solar irradiation on the activation of tenorite NMs (30-35 nm and BET surface area = 35 m(2)/g). TOC removal of 84% of the black liquor was achieved under mild conditions of room temperature and pressure of 5 g/L of the catalyst in 24 h of treatment, including 12 h of solar irradiation which is the first report in the literature on treatment of black liquor Kraft mill effluents using tenorite NMs under the solar irradiation by employing the Taguchi methodology.
palavras-chave
WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; WET OXIDATION; TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MILL EFFLUENT; PULP; NANOPARTICLES; COPPER; CU; SUSTAINABILITY
categoria
Engineering
autores
Kamali, M; Khalaj, M; Costa, MEV; Capela, I; Aminabhavi, TM
Grupos
agradecimentos
Thanks for the financial support to CESAM - Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007638 (FCT Ref. UID/AMB/50017/2020), and to the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020, financed by national funds through Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/MCTES and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. Thanks are also to FCT for doctoral scholarship No. SFRH/BD/103695/2014 to the first author and No. SFRH/BD/140873/2018 for the second author. Thanks to the financial support from the PDM program, KU Leuven, Belgium.