resumo
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 virus causes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with other comorbidities such as diabetes. Diabetes is the most common cause of diabetic nephropathy, which is attributed to hyperglycemia. COVID-19 produces severe complications in people with diabetes mellitus. This article explains how SARS-CoV-2 causes more significant kidney damage in diabetic patients. Importantly, COVID-19 and diabetes share inflammatory pathways of disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 binding with ACE-2 causes depletion of ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) from blood vessels, and subsequently, angiotensin-II interacts with angiotensin receptor-1 from vascular membranes that produce NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen phosphate) oxidase, oxidative stress, and constriction of blood vessels. Since diabetes and COVID-19 can create oxidative stress, we hypothesize that COVID-19 with comorbidities such as diabetes can synergistically increase oxidative stress leading to end-stage renal failure and death. Antioxidants may therefore prevent renal damage-induced death by inhibiting oxidative damage and thus can help protect people from COVID-19 related comorbidities. A few clinical trials indicated how effective the antioxidant therapy is against improving COVID-19 symptoms, based on a limited number of patients who experienced COVID-19. In this review, we tried to understand how effective antioxidants (such as vitamin D and flavonoids) can act as food supplements or therapeutics against COVID-19 with diabetes as comorbidity based on recently available clinical, preclinical, or in silico studies.
palavras-chave
NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY; RISK-FACTORS; EARLY-STAGE; QUERCETIN; ANTIOXIDANT; SARS-COV-2; LUTEOLIN; DISEASE; MORTALITY
categoria
Nutrition & Dietetics
autores
Paul, AK; Hossain, MK; Mahboob, T; Nissapatorn, V; Wilairatana, P; Jahan, R; Jannat, K; Bondhon, TA; Hasan, A; Pereira, MD; Rahmatullah, M
nossos autores
Maria de Lourdes Gomes Pereira
Professor Associado com Agregaçãoagradecimentos
M.d.L.P. thanks project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB//2020 and UIDP//2020, national funds by FCT/MCTES.