resumo
Non-invasive routes for insulin delivery are emerging as alternatives to currently painful subcutaneous injections. For pulmonary delivery, formulations may be in powdered particle form, using carriers such as polysaccharides to stabilise the active principle. Roasted coffee beans and spent coffee grounds (SCG) are rich in polysaccharides, namely galactomannans and arabinogalactans. In this work, the polysaccharides were obtained from roasted coffee and SCG for the preparation of insulin-loaded microparticles. The galactomannan and arabinogalactan-rich fractions of coffee beverages were purified by ultrafiltration and separated by graded ethanol precipitations at 50% and 75%, respectively. For SCG, galactomannan-rich and arabinogalactan-rich fractions were recovered by microwave-assisted extraction at 150 degrees C and at 180 degrees C, followed by ultrafiltration. Each extract was spray-dried with insulin 10% (w/w). All microparticles had a raisin-like morphology and average diameters of 1-5 mu m, which are appropriate for pulmonary delivery. Galactomannan-based microparticles, independently of their source, released insulin in a gradual manner, while arabinogalactan-based ones presented a burst release. The microparticles were seen to be non-cytotoxic for cells representative of the lung, specifically lung epithelial cells (A549) and macrophages (Raw 264.7) up to 1 mg/mL. This work shows how coffee can be a sustainable source of polysaccharide carriers for insulin delivery via the pulmonary route.
palavras-chave
SUPERHEATED WATER EXTRACTION; ESPRESSO COFFEE; DIETARY FIBER; MICROPARTICLES; GALACTOMANNANS; INFUSIONS
categoria
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
autores
Valente, SA; Lopes, GR; Ferreira, I; Galrinho, MF; Almeida, M; Ferreira, P; Cruz, MT; Coimbra, MA; Passos, CP
nossos autores
Paula Celeste da Silva Ferreira
Investigador CoordenadorProjectos
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDP/50011/2020)
Associated Laboratory CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (LA/P/0006/2020)
agradecimentos
The authors thank Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) co-financed by Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao, Portugal 2020 and Uniao Europeia by the FEDER (FCT-Compete2020-Portugal 2020-FEDER/EU) No POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029560, project "PulManCar". This research was also funded by University of Aveiro and FCT/MCTES, supporting LAQV-REQUIMTE (FCT UIDB/50006/2020) research unit, and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020 & LA/P/0006/2020). Thanks are also due to CIBB (projects UIDB/04539/2020, UIDP/04539/2020 and LA/P/0058/2020).