abstract
The development of economical heterogeneous catalysts based on first row transition metal complexes that work under mild and sustainable reaction conditions in the activation of C-H bonds is very important. Herein, commercially available iron(II) and iron(III) acetylacetonate were immobilised onto amine functionalised economical and environmentally acceptable solid porous supports: hexagonal mesoporous silica and activated carbon. The materials prepared by this very simple and straightforward methodology were characterised by elemental analysis, ICP-AES, FTIR, isotherms of adsorption at 77 K and thermogravimetry. It showed that both porous materials were conveniently functionalised with amine groups and that the iron metal complexes could be effectively anchored onto these materials. The immobilised iron salts were active as heterogeneous catalysts in the oxidation of cyclohexane and n-hexane at room temperature with hydrogen peroxide, giving the respective alcohols and ketones. They could also be recycled at least two times without loss of catalytic activity in the oxidation of cyclohexane. In the oxidation of n-hexane this was only true for the anchored Fe(II) salts. In the oxidation of cyclohexane, both iron salts are more active heterogeneous catalysts anchored onto the activated carbons than onto the hexagonal mesoporous silicas. The opposite is observed in the oxidation of n-hexane. The heterogeneous catalysts reported herein are economical and work under mild reaction conditions and thus could be valuable for the improvement of the sustainability and environmental impact of processes currently used in industry. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
keywords
ACTIVATED CARBONS; MESOPOROUS SILICA; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; METAL-COMPLEXES; ACETYLACETONATE; CYCLOHEXANE
subject category
Chemistry
authors
Silva, AR; Botelho, J
our authors
Ana Rosa Silva
Principal ResearcherGroups
acknowledgements
This research was supported by a Marie Curie European Reintegration Grant within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG-256509). A.R.S. thanks FCT, Fundo Social Europeu and Programa Operacional Potencial Humano for the contracts under the programme Ciencia 2008 and Investigator FCT 2012. FCT is also acknowledged for financing CICECO under the Projetos Estrategicos Pest-C/CTM/LA0011/2013.