abstract
The effects of gold (ionic form and nanopartides - AuNPs) and pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine and fluoxetine) on enzymes involved in neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase - AChE) and biotransformation (glutathione S-transferases - GST) were assessed by their incubation with Mytilus galloprovincialis' hemolymph and subcellular fraction of gills, respectively. AuNPs did not alter enzymatic activities unlike ionic gold that inhibited AChE and GST activities at 2.5 and 0.42 mg.L-1, respectively. Carbamazepine inhibited AChE activity at 500 mg.L-1 and fluoxetine at 1000 mg.L-1. GST was inhibited by carbamazepine at 250 mg.L-1 and by fluoxetine at 125 mg.L-1. Increased AChE activity was found in simultaneous exposures to fluoxetine and bovine serum albumin coated AuNPs (BSA-AuNPs). Concerning GST, in the simultaneous exposures, AuNPs revealed protective effects against carbamazepine (citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone coated) and fluoxetine (citrate and BSA coated) induced inhibition. However, BSA-AuNPs increased the inhibition caused by carbamazepine. AuNPs demonstrated ability to interfere with other chemicals toxicity justifying further studies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
keywords
MUSSEL MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; POMATOSCHISTUS-MICROPS TELEOSTEI; GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; HEAVY-METAL INHIBITION; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; WASTE-WATER; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY
subject category
Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
authors
Luis, LG; Barreto, A; Trindade, T; Soares, AMVM; Oliveira, M
our authors
Tito Trindade
Full professoracknowledgements
This research was supported through the COMPETE - Operational Competitiveness Program and national funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project