abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential metal widespread in the environment, to which humans are exposed through different routes, being food consumption the most important one. It is considered an endocrine disruptor that is associated with estrogen-dependent diseases with women being particularly susceptible. In order to assess the exposure to this metal through diet intake in premenopausal women, levels of Cd were quantified in 7-days duplicate diet samples provided by 23 women working or studying at University of Aveiro, Portugal. Cd was detected in all analyzed samples with concentrations ranging between 0.007 and 0.21 mu g g(-1) ww (median: 0.009 mu g g(-1) ww). The estimated dietary weekly intakes varied from 1.4 to 48 mu g kg-bw(-1) week(-1) (median: 2.3 mu g kg-bw(-1) week(-1)), and 35% of the participants exhibited dietary intakes of Cd higher than the tolerable weekly intake (2.5 mu g kg-bw(-1) week(-1)) set for this metal which suggest health risks for these women. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
keywords
POSTMENOPAUSAL BREAST-CANCER; ACADEMIC COMMUNITY; ADULT-POPULATION; RISK; EXPOSURE; ESTROGEN; CHILDREN; SAMPLES; METALS; LEAD
subject category
Geochemistry & Geophysics
authors
Coelho, SD; Maricoto, T; Pastorinho, MR; Itai, T; Isobe, T; Kunisue, T; Tanabe, S; Sousa, ACA; Nogueira, AJA
our authors
Ana Catarina Almeida Sousa
Collaboratoracknowledgements
The authors wish to deeply acknowledge the women who participated in this study. This work was supported by European Funds through COMPETE and by National Funds through the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) within projects PEst-C/MAR/LA0017/2013 and PEst-OE/SAU/UI0709/2014 and the grants SFRH/BPD/65884/2009 and SFRH/BD/78168/2011 (supported by funding from the Human Potential Operational Programme POPH, inscribed in the National Strategic Reference Framework and partially subsidized by the European Social Fund). This study was partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) to a project on Joint Usage/Research Center - Leading Academia in Marine and Environmental Research (LaMer), Ehime University. Further support was provided by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A: 25257403 and 16H01784) of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).