abstract
Despite the widespread use of nanoparticles (NPs), there are still major gaps of knowledge regarding the impact of nanomaterials in the environment and aquatic animals. The present work aimed to study the effects of 7 and 40 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) - citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated - on the liver proteome of the estuarine/marine fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). After 96 h, exposure to AuNP elicited alterations on the abundance of 26 proteins, when compared to the control group. AuNPs differentially affected several metabolic pathways in S. aurata liver cells. Among the affected proteins were those related to cytoskeleton and cell structure, gluconeogenesis, amino acids metabolism and several processes related to protein activity (protein synthesis, catabolism, folding and transport). The increased abundance of proteins associated with energy metabolism (ATP synthase subunit beta), stress response (94 kDa glucose-regulated protein) and cytoskeleton structure (actins and tubulins) may represent the first signs of cellular oxidative stress induced by AuNPs. Although higher gold accumulation was found in the liver of S. aurata exposed to 7 nm PVP-AuNPs, the 7 nm cAuNPs were more bioactive, inducing more effects in liver proteome. Gold accumulated more in the spleen than in the other assessed tissues of S. aurata exposed to AuNPs, highlighting its potential role on the elimination of these NPs.
keywords
MUSSELS MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; LIVER; CELLS; BIOACCUMULATION
subject category
Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
authors
Barreto, A; Carvalho, A; Campos, A; Osorio, H; Pinto, E; Almeida, A; Trindade, T; Soares, AMVM; Hylland, K; Loureiro, S; Oliveira, M
Groups
acknowledgements
Thanks are due for the financial support to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017/2019), to FCT/MCTES through national funds, and the cofunding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. This research was supported through the COMPETE Operational Competitiveness Program and national funds through FCT, under the project NANOAu - Effects of Gold Nanoparticles to Aquatic Organisms (FCT PTDC/MAR-EST/3399/2012) (FCOMP-01-0124FEDER-029435), through FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC), the cofounding by FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. A. Barreto has a doctoral fellowship from FCT (SFRH/BD/97624/2013). M. Oliveira has financial support of the program Investigator FCT, co-funded by the Human Potential Operational Programme and European Social Fund (IF/00335(2015)). The mass spectrometry technique was performed at the Proteomics i3S Scientific Platform with the assistance of H. Osorio. This work had support from the Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network, integrated in the National Roadmap of Research Infrastructures of Strategic Relevance (ROTEIRO/0028/2013; LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022125). This work was also partially funded by the project UID/Multi/04423/2019 funded by FCT.