Standardizing luminescence nanothermometry for biomedical applications

authors	Bednarkiewicz, A; Marciniak, L; Carlos, LD; Jaque, D
nationality	International
journal	NANOSCALE
keywords	UP-CONVERSION LUMINESCENCE; UPCONVERTING NANOPARTICLES; INTRACELLULAR THERMOMETRY; SENSITIVITY MODULATION; QUANTUM DOTS; TEMPERATURE; NANOCRYSTALS; FLUORESCENCE; FLUORIDE; DESIGN
abstract	Luminescence nanothermometry enables accurate, remote, and all-optically-based thermal sensing. Notwithstanding its fast development, there are serious obstacles hindering reproducibility and reliable quantitative assessment of nanothermometers, which impede the intentional design, optimization and use of these sensors. These issues include ambiguities or absence of established universal rules for quantitative evaluation, incorrect assumptions about the mechanisms behind the thermal response of the sensors as well as the dependence of the nanothermometers readout on external conditions and host materials themselves. In this perspective article, we discuss these problems and propose a series of standardization guidelines to be followed. This critical discourse constitutes the first required step towards the ubiquitous acceptance, by the scientific community, of luminescence thermometry as a reliable tool for remote temperature determination in numerous practical biomedical implementations.
publisher	ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
issn	2040-3364
isbn	2040-3372
year published	2020
volume	12
issue	27
beginning page	14405
ending page	14421
digital object identifier (doi)	10.1039/d0nr03568h
web of science category	Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
subject category	Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
unique article identifier	WOS:000549588900002