abstract
Luminescence (nano)thermometry is a remote sensing technique that relies on the temperature dependency of the luminescence features (e.g., bandshape, peak energy or intensity, and excited state lifetimes and risetimes) of a phosphor to measure temperature. This technique provides precise thermal readouts with superior spatial resolution in short acquisition times. Although luminescence thermometry is just starting to become a more mature subject, it exhibits enormous potential in several areas, e.g., optoelectronics, photonics, micro- and nanofluidics, and nanomedicine. This work reviews the latest trends in the field, including the establishment of a comprehensive theoretical background and standardized practices. The reliability, repeatability, and reproducibility of the technique are also discussed, along with the use of multiparametric analysis and artificial-intelligence algorithms to enhance thermal readouts. In addition, examples are provided to underscore the challenges that luminescence thermometry faces, alongside the need for a continuous search and design of new materials, experimental techniques, and analysis procedures to improve the competitiveness, accessibility, and popularity of the technology
keywords
INTRAMOLECULAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS; TISSUE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ORBIT-LATTICE RELAXATION; CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; UP-CONVERSION; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; THERMOGRAPHIC PHOSPHORS; RADIATIVE DECAY; UPCONVERTING NANOPARTICLES
subject category
Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
authors
Brites, CDS; Marin, R; Suta, M; Neto, ACN; Ximendes, E; Jaque, D; Carlos, LD
our authors
Projects
Nanoparticles - based 2D thermal bioimaging technologies - NanoTBTech (NanoTBTech)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDP/50011/2020)
Associated Laboratory CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (LA/P/0006/2020)
acknowledgements
& nbsp;C.D.S.B., R.M., and M.S. contributed equally to this work. The support of the European Union's Horizon 2020 FET Open program under grant agreement No. 801305 (NanoTBTech) was crucial to bring together the three different research groups that co-authored this publication around this project. This work was developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020 & LA/P/0006/2020 and Shape of Water (PTDC/NAN-PRO/3881/2020) financed by Portuguese funds through the FCT/MEC (PIDDAC). This work was also financed by the Spanish Ministerio de Innovacion y Ciencias under project NANONERV PID2019-106211RB-I00, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI19/00565) and by Comunidad de Madrid (S2022/BMD-7403RENIM-CM). R.M. is grateful to the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion for support to research through a Ramon y Cajal Fellowship (RYC2021-032913-I). M.S. is grateful for funding from the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie e.V. and the Young Academy of the North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He also would like to thank Prof. Dr. Freddy Rabouw (Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands) for a unique discussion on the similarity of the calibration law of both multiphonon- and crossover-type Boltzmann thermometers and Prof. Dr. Andries Meijerink for excellent mentoring, fruitful discussions, and constant support.