Environmental and Health Hazards of Chromated Copper Arsenate-Treated Wood: A Review

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abstract

Copper chrome arsenate (CCA) water-borne solution used to be widely used to make timber highly resistant to pests and fungi, in particular, wood products designed for outdoor use. Nowadays, CCA is a restricted chemical product in most countries, since potential environmental and health risks were reported due to dermal contact with CCA residues from treated structures and the surrounding soil, as well as the contamination of soils. However, large quantities of CCA-treated timber are still in use in framings, outdoor playground equipment, landscaping, building poles, jetty piles, and fencing structures around the world, thus CCA remains a source of pollutants to the environment and of increasing toxic metal/metalloid exposure (mainly in children). International efforts have been dedicated to the treatment of materials impregnated with CCA, however not only does some reuse of CCA-treated timber still occur, but also existing structures are leaking the toxic compounds into the environment, with impacts on the environment and animal and human health. This study highlights CCA mechanisms and the documented consequences in vivo of its exposure, as well as the adverse environmental and health impacts.

keywords

HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; CCA; BIOAVAILABILITY; REMOVAL; REMEDIATION; MECHANISMS; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; TRANSACTIVATION; TOXICOLOGY

subject category

Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

authors

Morais, S; Fonseca, HMAC; Oliveira, SMR; Oliveira, H; Gupta, VK; Sharma, B; Pereira, MD

our authors

foto Helena Oliveira

Helena Oliveira

Post-Doc Fellowship
foto Maria de Lourdes Gomes Pereira

Maria de Lourdes Gomes Pereira

Associate Professor with Aggregation
foto Sónia M. R. Oliveira

Sónia M. R. Oliveira

Junior Researcher

Groups

G5 - Biomimetic, Biological and Living Materials

Projects

CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020)

CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDP/50011/2020)

acknowledgements

Thanks are due to FCT/MCTES for the financial support to project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020 and UIDP/50011/2020), CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020 and UIDB/50017/2020) and UID/GEO/04035/2021 through national funds by FCT/MCTES. H.O. also acknowledges FCT for the research contract under Stimulus of Scientific Employment 2017 (CEECIND/04050/2017).

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Publication Details

type
Journal Article
year
2021
journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
volume
18
article number
5518
publisher
MDPI
isbn
1660-4601
issue
11
digital object identifier
10.3390/ijerph18115518
web of science article identifier
WOS:000659946600001

Journal Metrics (JCR 2019)

Journal Impact Factor
2.849
Journal Impact Factor (5 yrs)
3.127
category normalized journal percentile
70.748

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