abstract
The microorganism resistance to antibiotics has become one of the most worrying issues for science due to the difficulties related to clinical treatment and the rapid spread of diseases. Efflux pumps are classified into six groups of carrier proteins that are part of the different types of mechanisms that contribute to resistance in microorganisms, allowing their survival. The present study aimed to carry out a bibliographic review on the superfamilies of carriers in order to understand their compositions, expressions, substrates, and role in intrinsic resistance. At first, a search for manuscripts was carried out in the databases Medline, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Scielo, using as descriptors: efflux pump, expression, pump inhibitors and efflux superfamily. For article selection, two criteria were taken into account: for inclusion, those published between 2000 and 2020, including textbooks, and for exclusion, duplicates and academic collections. In this research, 139,615 published articles were obtained, with 312 selected articles and 7 book chapters that best met the aim. From the comprehensive analysis, it was possible to consider that the chromosomes and genetic elements can contain genes encoding efflux pumps and are responsible for multidrug resistance. Even though this is a well-explored topic in the scientific community, understanding the behavior of antibiotics as substrates that increase the expression of pump-encoding genes has challenged medicine. This review study succinctly summarizes the most relevant features of these systems, as well as their contribution to multidrug resistance.
keywords
ATP-BINDING CASSETTE; MAJOR FACILITATOR SUPERFAMILY; MULTIDRUG ABC TRANSPORTER; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS MRSA; ARG-BETA-NAPHTHYLAMIDE; WALL TEICHOIC-ACIDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI
subject category
Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
authors
Garcia, IR; Garcia, FAD; Pereira, PS; Coutinho, HDM; Siyadatpanah, A; Norouzi, R; Wilairatana, P; Pereira, MD; Nissapatorn, V; Tintino, SR; Rodrigues, FFG
our authors
Maria de Lourdes Gomes Pereira
Associate Professor with Aggregationacknowledgements
To the Fundacaao Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico - FUNCAP for the scholar grant. To the Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology - LMBM of the Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, for the guidance and explanations and to the Post-graduation Program in Molecular Bioprospection - URCA.