resumo
In this work, extractive desulfurization of model fuel containing dibenzothiophene (DBT) and thiophene (Th) as sulfur compounds was carried out using 16 different Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) and its precursors. The aim of this study is the reduction of the sulfur content of fuels below the environmental regulation (10 ppm), using PEG-based DES as low-cost extraction media under mild conditions and to compare their extractive performance with that of PEG alone, which by itself is a green solvent. For that purpose, 7 different quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts were combined with four different molecular weight grades of PEG and PEG precursors such as ethylene glycol and triethylene glycol. The best results were obtained for the DES composed of tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) and PEG400, which showed that it is possible to achieve, in single extraction step, 85% and 68% of extraction efficiency, and deep desulfurization in 2 and 3 cycles, for DBT and Th, respectively. In addition, this DES is not soluble in the model fuel and its extraction capacity is independent on the starting sulfur concentration. Finally, after being reused six times, TBAC:PEG400 DES still maintained 53% and 17% of its capacity, for DBT and Th removal, respectively, and after a regeneration step the performance of the DES was fully recovered.
palavras-chave
OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION; IONIC LIQUIDS; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; DIESEL FUEL; OIL; MIXTURES; CHLORIDE; DENITROGENATION; SOLUBILITY; GASOLINE
categoria
Energy & Fuels; Engineering
autores
Lima, F; Gouvenaux, J; Branco, LC; Silvestre, AJD; Marrucho, IM
nossos autores
Armando Jorge Domingues Silvestre
Professor Catedrático
Filipa Lima
Estudante de doutoramento
Isabel Maria Delgado Jana Marrucho Ferreira
Professor Catedráticoagradecimentos
The authors, F. Lima, I.M. Marrucho and L.C. Branco, gratefully acknowledge the financial support of FCT/MCTES (Portugal) for the PhD fellowship PD/BDE/114355/2016 and for the contract under Programa Investigador FCT 2012 and 2013 (IF/363/2012 and IF/0041/2013), respectively. This work was financed by CQE project (UID/QUI/00100/2013), Research Unit GREEN-it "Bioresources for Sustainability" (UID/Multi/04551/2013), the Associate Laboratory CICECO, Aveiro Institute of materials (UID/CTM/50011/2013) and Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, LAQV-REQUIMTE (UID/QUI/50006/2013) and Solchemar company.