resumo
Organoids are units of function of a given organ able to reproduce, in culture, a biological structure similar in architecture and function to its counterpart in vivo. Today, it is possible to develop an organoid from a fragment of tissue, a stem cell located in an adult organ, an embryonic stem cell, or an induced pluripotent stem cell. In the past decade, many organoids have been developed which mimic stomach, pancreas, liver and brain tissues, optic cups, among many others. Additionally, different male reproductive system organs have already been developed as organoids, including the prostate and testis. These 3D cultures may be of great importance for urological cancer research and have the potential to be used in fertility research for the study of spermatozoa production and maturation, germ cells-somatic cells interactions, and mechanisms of disease. They also provide an accurate preclinical pipeline for drug testing and discovery, as well as for the study of drug resistance. In this work, we revise the current knowledge on organoid technology and its use in healthcare and research, describe the male reproductive system organoids and other biomaterials already developed, and discuss their current application. Finally, we highlight the research gaps, challenges, and opportunities in the field and propose strategies to improve the use of organoids for the study of male infertility situations.This article is categorized under:Reproductive System Diseases > Stem Cells and DevelopmentReproductive System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering
palavras-chave
PLURIPOTENT STEM-CELLS; RAT TESTICULAR CELLS; ZIKA VIRUS-INFECTION; IN-VITRO MODEL; PROSTATE-CANCER; CEREBRAL ORGANOIDS; SPERM MATURATION; EPITHELIAL-CELL; COCULTURE MODEL; CULTURE-SYSTEMS
categoria
Research & Experimental Medicine
autores
Patricio, D; Santiago, J; Mano, JF; Fardilha, M
nossos autores
João Mano
Vice-Diretoragradecimentos
Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia,Grant/Award Numbers: SFRH/BD/136896/2018, SFRH/BD/137487/2018,UIDB/04501/2020, UIDB/50011/2020,UIDP/50011/2020 This study was supported by the Institute for Biomedicine-iBiMED (UIDB/04501/2020 TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes) and by individual grants from the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Higher Education to Daniela Patricio (SFRH/BD/137487/2018) and Joana Santiago (SFRH/BD/136896/2018) both financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Higher Education and by the European Union(QREN, FEDER, and COMPETE frameworks). This work was also developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, FCT Ref. UIDB/50011/2020 and UIDP/50011/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES