resumo
Natural polymers such as cellulose have interesting tribo- and piezoelectric properties for paper-based energy harvesters, but their low performance in providing sufficient output power is still an impediment to a wider deployment for IoT and other low-power applications. In this study, different types of celluloses were combined with nanosized carbon fillers to investigate their effect on the enhancement of the electrical properties in the final nanogenerator devices. Cellulose pulp (CP), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were blended with carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The microstructure of the nanocomposite films was characterized by scanning electron and probe microscopies, and the electrical properties were measured macroscopically and at the local scale by piezoresponse force microscopy. The highest generated output voltage in triboelectric mode was obtained from MCC films with CNTs and CB, while the highest piezoelectric voltage was produced in CNF-CNT films. The obtained electrical responses were discussed in relation to the material properties. Analysis of the microscopic response shows that pulp has a higher local piezoelectric d(33) coefficient (145 pC/N) than CNF (14 pC/N), while the macroscopic response is greatly influenced by the excitation mode and the effective orientation of the crystals relative to the mechanical stress. The increased electricity produced from cellulose nanocomposites may lead to more efficient and biodegradable nanogenerators.
palavras-chave
CARBON-BLACK; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PERCOLATION; GENERATOR; BEHAVIOR; POWDER
categoria
Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
autores
González, J; Ghaffarinejad, A; Ivanov, M; Ferreira, P; Vilarinho, PM; Borrás, A; Amorín, H; Wicklein, B
nossos autores
Maxim Ivanov
Investigador Júnior
Paula Celeste da Silva Ferreira
Investigador Coordenador
Paula Maria Lousada Silveirinha Vilarinho
Vice-DiretorProjectos
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDB/50011/2020)
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UIDP/50011/2020)
Associated Laboratory CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (LA/P/0006/2020)
agradecimentos
This research was supported through the grants PID2019-107022RJ-I00, RYC2021-034164-I and PID2021-122708OB-C33, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the "European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR", is acknowledged. AB and AG thank the ERC StG 3Dscavengers (grant agreement number 851929). MI, PF, and PV thank project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020 and LA/P/0006/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC).