The Role of Urinary Proteases in Bladder Cancer

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abstract

Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Risk factors for BCa are well established and include smoking and infections, which can lead to immune system activation, altered gene expression patterns, proteolytic activity, tissue damage, and, ultimately, cancer development. Urine has become one of the most attractive diagnosis samples, and, notably, urine profiling by mass spectrometry allows the simultaneously analysis of multiple enzymes and their interactors, substrates, inhibitors, and regulators, providing an integrative view of enzymatic dynamics. Most BCa-associated enzymatic alterations take place at the level of proteases, being MMP-9, MMP-2, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, cathepsin D, and cathepsin G already related to BCa development and progression. Herein, we overview the role of proteases and the classes more studied in BCa pathogenesis, as well as the methodologies used for assessing protease amount and activity in urine samples, highlighting its advantages and limitations, and the value of urinary proteases as disease biomarkers.

authors

Bastos, P*; Magalhães, S*; Lara-Santos, L; Ferreira, R; Vitorino, R

our authors

foto Sandra Vicência Martins Magalhães

Sandra Vicência Martins Magalhães

PhD Student

Groups

G5 - Biomimetic, Biological and Living Materials

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Publication Details

type
Book Chapter
year
2017
Book Title
Pathophysiological Aspects of Proteases
editors
Sajal ChakrabortiNaranjan S. Dhalla
isbn
978-981-10-6141-7
book digital object identifier
10.1007/978-981-10-6141-7_4

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