abstract
Two types of carbon xerogels were prepared using two different methodologies where the pH of the solution during the sol-gel processing, formaldehyde/resorcinol ratio and the drying method, were varied (01CX and 02CX). The samples show distinct textural properties: 02CX material has higher mesopore area and micropore Volume than 01CX, but the pore radius of the latter material is three times larger than the former. Activation of the materials Under 5% O(2) (in N(2)) at 440 C introduces surface oxygen groups, mainly phenol and carbonyl/quinone groups with small quantities of carboxylic anhydrides. Treatment with sodium hydroxide solution converted the phenol groups into phenolates and promotes hydrolysis of carboxylic anhydrides into carboxylates. A modified Jacobsen catalyst was directly immobilised via axial coordination of the Mn(III) metallic centre onto the phenolate/carboxylate groups of the sodium modified carbon xerogels. The catalysts were tested in the asymmetric epoxidation of styrene, alpha-methylstyrene and 6-cyano-2,2-dimethylchromene using m-CPBA/NMO, NaOCl or PhlO as oxygen sources. The catalysts show some activity and enantioselectivity, eventhough loss Of Mn is evident. Blank runs involving the carbon xerogel and the oxidants Suggest that the oxidants do not attack the surface hydroxyl groups responsible for the metal complex immobilisation. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
keywords
MANGANESE(III) SALEN COMPLEXES; ACTIVATED CARBONS; FORMALDEHYDE; RESORCINOL; OLEFINS
subject category
Chemistry
authors
Maia, F; Mahata, N; Jarrais, B; Silva, AR; Pereira, MFR; Freire, C; Figueiredo, JL
our authors
Ana Rosa Silva
Principal Researcher
Frederico Calheiros Maia
PhD StudentGroups
acknowledgements
This work was partially funded by FCT and FEDER through project POCI/EQU/57369/2004. NM thanks FCT for a Post-Doctoral fellowship (SFRH/BPD/14804/2003).