abstract
Present technological demands in disparate areas, such as microfluidics and nanofluidics, microelectronics and nanoelectronics, photonics and biomedicine, among others, have reached to a development such that conventional contact thermal probes are not accomplished anymore to perform accurate measurements with submicrometric spatial resolution. The development of novel noncontact thermal probes is, then, mandatory, contributing to an expansionary epoch of luminescence thermometry. Luminescence thermometry based on trivalent lanthanide ions has become very popular since 2010 due to the unique versatility, stability, and narrow emission band profiles of the ions that cover the entire electromagnetic spectrum with relatively high emission quantum yields. Here, a perspective overview on the field is given from the beginnings in the 1950s until the most recent cutting-edge examples. The current movement toward usage of the technique as a new tool for thermal imaging, early tumor detection, and as a tool for unveiling the properties of the thermometers themselves or of their local neighborhoods is also summarized.
keywords
FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY RATIO; UP-CONVERSION NANOPARTICLES; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; UPCONVERTING NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; THERMOGRAPHIC PHOSPHORS; QUANTUM DOTS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; EMISSION; LIGHT
subject category
Materials Science; Optics
authors
Brites, CDS; Balabhadra, S; Carlos, LD
our authors
Carlos Brites
Associate Professor
Luís Carlos
Full professor
Sangeetha Balabhadra
Research FellowshipProjects
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UID/CTM/50011/2013)
Nanoparticles - based 2D thermal bioimaging technologies - NanoTBTech (NanoTBTech)
SusPhotoSolutions - Soluções Fotovoltaicas Sustentáveis (SUSPHOTOSOLUTIONS)
acknowledgements
This paper is dedicated to the memory of A. L. L. Videira who recently passed away. He was a brilliant professor and a truly extraordinary human being whose legacy will endure in all whose lives he touched. This work was partially developed in the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (Ref. FCT UID/CTM/50011/2013), financed by Portuguese funds through FCT/MEC and when applicable cofinanced by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. Financial support of FCT (PTDC/CTM-NAN/4647/2014 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016687) is also acknowledged and the project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 FET Open programme under grant agreement no. 801305. The authors acknowledge Prof. Ricardo Longo (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil) for fruitful discussions about the impact of nanoparticle' size on the relative sensitivity of luminescent nanothermometers. S.B. acknowledges the support of Professor Marco Bettinelli and Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry from University of Verona, Italy, and C.D.S.B. thanks the grant financed by the SusPhotoSolutions project CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000005.