abstract
Proanthocyanidins are polymers of catechin and its derivatives that are present in high amounts in almost all plants. These compounds have several industrial applications such as leather production with their usage expected to increase dramatically in the coming years. As the industrial process sustainability becomes a concern for modern societies, new sources for the extraction of proanthocyanidins presenting low environmental impact must be found to replace the use of crops that are specifically cultivated for that purpose. This review aims to address the sustainability problems by collecting the information available on analytical techniques for the characterization of proanthocyanidins extracts with different degrees of polymerization. This includes the discussion about the conventional and alternative extraction/fractionation techniques and the agroforestry by-products potential for the production of proanthocyanidins extracts with special emphasis on the ones with high degree of polymerization.
keywords
MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION; QUEBRACHO SCHINOPSIS-LORENTZII; GRAPE POMACE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; BY-PRODUCTS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; CONDENSED TANNINS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; VITIS-VINIFERA; CHROMATOGRAPHY SEPARATION
subject category
Agriculture
authors
Neto, RT; Santos, SAO; Oliveira, J; Silvestre, AJD
our authors
Projects
acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CICECO (UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020) and REQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020), for J. Oliveira investigator contract (IF/00225/2015) and R. Neto PhD grant (SFRH/BD/129174/2017) and the project DeepBiorefinery (PTDC/AGR-TEC/1191/2014). S. Santos acknowledges AgroForWealth project (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001) for her researcher contract. Interreg is acknowledged for funding the project Biovino (0688_Biovino_6_E).