abstract
The dielectric response of Sr1-1.5xBixTiO3 films (0.002 <= x <= 0.167), prepared by sol-gel and deposited on Si/SiO2/TiO2/Pt substrates, is analyzed as a function of frequency and temperature. The hysteretic behavior of the polarization versus the electric field is studied as well. Between 100 Hz and 1 MHz, the real part of the dielectric permittivity epsilon' exhibit a relaxation between similar to 60 and 260 K, shifting to high temperatures with increasing the Bi content. In the imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity epsilon '' of these films two relaxations are induced by Bi doping below the temperature of the epsilon' relaxation. The first relaxation observed in films with 0.002 <= x <= 0.10 follows the Arrhenius law with an activation energy of U = 64-80 meV and a preexponential term tau(0) = (0.3-10.8) x 10(-14) s almost independent on the Bi content and is ascribed to the individual hopping of dipoles created by the off-center Bi ions. The second relaxation observed in the films with 0.04 <= x <= 0.167 is described by the Vogel-Fulcher relation with U = 2-38 meV, tau(0) = 5 x 10(-10)-5 x 10(-6) s and a freezing temperature T-f = 50-102 K, increasing with Bi content, and is attributed to the presence of polar clusters of interacting Bi ions. Slim P(E) hysteresis loops are observed at low temperatures, confirming the appearance of a polar state. The effect of Bi incorporation in ST films is qualitatively the same as the relaxorlike behavior observed in Bi-doped ST ceramics and the dissimilarities are explained based on the influence of the substrate and by a higher homogeneity of the dopant distribution in the sol-gel derived films. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3549612]
keywords
BISMUTH-DOPED SRTIO3; RAMAN-SCATTERING; MODES; ANOMALIES; BEHAVIOR; RELAXOR; FERROELECTRICITY; TRANSITION; THICKNESS
subject category
Physics
authors
Okhay, O; Wu, AY; Vilarinho, PM; Tkach, A
our authors
Aiying Wu
Researcher
Oleksandr Tkach
Assistant Researcher
Olena Okhay
Post-Doc Fellowship
Paula Maria Lousada Silveirinha Vilarinho
Vice Directoracknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the financial support from FEDER, FCT, and CICECO. O. Okhay is thankful to FCT for financial support (SFRH/BD/19861/2004).