Extraction and recovery processes for cynaropicrin from Cynara cardunculus L. using aqueous solutions of surface-active ionic liquids

resumo

Due to the wide range of relevant biological activities and high commercial value of cynaropicrin, and aiming at developing cost-effective processes, aqueous solutions of ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated for the extraction and recovery of cynaropicrin from the leaves of Cynara cardunculus L. Both cationic (1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) and anionic (cholinium carboxylate) surface-active ILs were investigated, as well as a wide range of conventional surfactants and molecular organic solvents, allowing us to conclude that aqueous solutions of cationic surface-active ILs display a better performance for the extraction of cynaropicrin. Operational conditions were optimized, leading to a cynaropicrin extraction yield of 3.73 wt%. The recycling of both the biomass and the solvent were further investigated to appraise the extraction media saturation and to achieve a higher cynaropicrin extraction yield (6.47 wt%). Finally, it was demonstrated that 65 wt% of the extracted cynaropicrin can be efficiently recovered by precipitation from the IL aqueous extract through the addition of water as anti-solvent, allowing us to put forward both the extraction and recovery processes of the target value-added compound from biomass followed by solvent recycling. This approach opens the door to the development of more sustainable processes using aqueous solutions of ILs instead of the volatile organic solvents commonly used in biomass processing. © 2017, International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

palavras-chave

alkaloid; cetrimide; cetrimonium chloride; cetylpyridinium salt; cynaropicrin; dodecylbenzenesulfonate sodium; ionic liquid; biomass; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; cardoon; extraction; high performance liquid chromatography; hydrophobicity; nonhuman; priority journal; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Review

autores

de, Faria, ELP; Gomes, MV; Cláudio, AFM; Freire, CSR; Silvestre, AJD; Freire, MG

Grupos

G4 - Materiais Renováveis e Economia Circular
G5 - Materiais Biomiméticos, Biológicos e Vivos

Projectos

CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UID/CTM/50011/2013)

MultiBiorefinery - Multi-purpose strategies for broadband agro-forest and fisheries by-products valorization: a step forward for a truly integrated biorefinery (SAICTPAC/0040/2015)

DeepBiorefinery - Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: A platform to Boost Eucalyptus globulus and Quercus suber cork integrated Biorefinerie (DeepBiorefinery )

agradecimentos

Acknowledgements This work was developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 (FCT Ref. UID/CTM/50011/2013), and projects Multibiorefinery (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403) and Deep Biorefinery (PTDC/AGR-TEC/1191/2014), financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC and when appropriate co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. FCT/MEC is also acknowledged for the contract under Investigator FCT to C.S.R. Freire (IF/01407/ 2012). M.G. Freire acknowledges the European Research Council (ERC) for the starting grant ERC-2013-StG-337753. E.L.P. Faria acknowledges CNPq for the PhD grant (200908/2014-6). CEBAL and the project ValBioTecCynara are acknowledged for providing the cardoon leaves samples.