Crystal Structure and Catalytic Behavior in Olefin Epoxidation of a One-Dimensional Tungsten Oxide/Bipyridine Hybrid

abstract

The tungsten oxide/2,2'-bipyridine hybrid material [WO3(2,2'-bpy)]center dot nH(2)O (n = 1-2) (1) has been prepared in near quantitative yield by the reaction of H2WO4, 2,2'-bpy, and H2O in the mole ratio of ca. 1:2:700 at 160 degrees C for 98 h in a rotating Teflon-lined digestion bomb. The solid-state structure of 1 was solved and refined through Rietveld analysis of high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction data collected for the microcrystalline powder. The material, crystallizing in the orthorhombic space group Iba2, is composed of a one-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid polymer, (1)(infinity)[WO3(2,2'-bpy)], topologically identical to that found in the previously reported anhydrous phases [MO3(2,2'-bpy)] (M = Mo, W). While in the latter the N,N'-chelated 2,2'-bpy ligands of adjacent corner-shared {MO4N2} octahedra are positioned on the same side of the 1D chain, in 1 the 2,2'-bpy ligands alternate above and below the chain. The catalytic behavior of compound 1 for the epoxidation of cis-cyclooctene was compared with that for several other tungsten- or molybdenum-based (pre)catalysts, including the hybrid polymer [MoO3(2,2'-bpy)]. While the latter exhibits superior performance when tert-butyl hydropercndde (TBHP) is used as the oxidant, compound 1 is superior when aqueous hydrogen peroxide is used, allowing near-quantitative conversion of the olefin to the epoxide. With H2O2, compounds 1 and [MoO3(2,2'-bpy)] act as sources of soluble active species, namely, the oxodiperoxo complex [MO(O-2)(2)(2,2'-bpy)], which is formed in situ. Compounds 1 and [WO(O-2)(2)(2,2'-bpy)] (2) were further tested in the epoxidation of cydododecene, trans-2-octene, 1-octene, (R)-limonene, and styrene. The structure of 2 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and found to be isotypical with the molybdenum analogue.

keywords

HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; CYCLOOCTENE EPOXIDATION; MOLECULAR MANIPULATION; MOLYBDENUM OXIDES; OPEN-FRAMEWORKS; COMPLEXES; LIGANDS; MO; PRECURSORS; NETWORK

subject category

Chemistry

authors

Amarante, TR; Antunes, MM; Valente, AA; Paz, FAA; Pillinger, M; Goncalves, IS

Groups

G1 - Porous Materials and Nanosystems
G4 - Renewable Materials and Circular Economy

Projects

Use of molecular containers to modify metallocene-based catalysts (PTDC/QEQ-SUP/1906/2012)

Robust Nanometric Coordination Polymers for Gas Separation and Light Emission (EXPL/CTM-NAN/0013/2013)

CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UID/CTM/50011/2013)

acknowledgements

We acknowledge funding by FEDER (Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional) through COMPETE (Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade). National funding through the FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) within the projects FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-029779 (FCT ref PTDC/QEQ-SUP/1906/2012) and FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-041282 (FCT ref EXPL/CTM-NAN/0013/2013) is thanked. This work was developed in the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (FCT ref UID/CTM/50011/2013), financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC and cofinanced by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. The FCT and the European Union are acknowledged for postdoctoral grants to T.R.A. (SFRH/BPD/97660/2013) and M.M.A. (SFRH/BPD/89068/2012) co-funded by by MCTES and the European Social Fund through the program POPH of QREN. The FCT and CICECO are acknowledged for financial support toward the purchase of the single-crystal diffractometer. The authors are grateful to the ESRF (Grenoble, France) for approving the experiment CH-4254.