Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nanostructured cellulose membranes loaded with phenolic-based ionic liquids for cutaneous application

abstract

The utilization of natural compounds, such as phenolic acids and biopolymers, in the healthcare domain is gaining increasing attention. In this study, bacterial nanocellulose (BC) membranes were loaded with ionic liquids (ILs) based on phenolic acids. These ionic compounds, with improved solubility and bioavailability, were prepared by combining the cholinium cation with anions derived from caffeic, ellagic and gallic acids. The obtained BC-ILs membranes were homogeneous, conformable and their swelling ability agreed with the solubility of each IL. These membranes revealed a controlled ILs dissolution rate in the wet state and high antioxidant activity. In vitro assays performed with Raw 264.7 macrophages and HaCaT keratinocytes revealed that these novel BC-ILs membranes are non-cytotoxic and present relevant anti-inflammatory properties. Diffusion studies with Hanson vertical diffusion cells showed a prolonged release profile of the ILs from the BC membranes. Thus, this work, successfully demonstrates the potential of BC-ILs membranes for skin treatment.

keywords

CP/MAS C-13 NMR; BACTERIAL CELLULOSE; BIOCELLULOSE MEMBRANES; MICROBIAL CELLULOSE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VIVO; HYDROGELS; SYSTEM

subject category

Chemistry; Polymer Science

authors

Morais, ES; Silva, NHCS; Sintra, TE; Santos, SAO; Neves, BM; Almeida, IF; Costa, PC; Correia-Sa, I; Ventura, SPM; Silvestre, AJD; Freire, MG; Freire, CSR

our authors

acknowledgements

This work was developed in the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials (Ref. FCT UID/CTM/50011/2013), financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC and co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement.; The authors are grateful for financial support from FCT for the doctoral grant SFRH/593 BD/85871/2012 of T.E. Sintra, SFRH/BD/85690/2012 of N.H. Silva and C. Freire and S.P.M. Ventura Researcher contracts, IF/01407/2012 and IF/00402/2015, respectively. S.A.O. Santos thanks the project AgroForWealth (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001) for the financial support. M. G. Freire acknowledges the European Research Council (ERC) for the Starting Grant ERC 2013-StG-337753.

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