abstract
The post-functionalization of 5,10,15-tris(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-20-(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin tri-iodide, known as a highly efficient photosensitizer (PS) for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), in the presence of 3- or 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, afforded two new tricationic porphyrins with adequate carboxylic pending groups to be immobilized on chitosan or titanium oxide. The structural characterization of the newly obtained materials confirmed the success of the porphyrin immobilization on the solid supports. The photophysical properties and the antimicrobial photodynamic efficacy of the non-immobilized porphyrins and of the new conjugates were evaluated. The results showed that the position of the carboxyl group in the mercapto units or the absence of these substituents in the porphyrin core could modulate the action of the photosensitizer towards the bioluminescent Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterium. The antimicrobial activity was also influenced by the interaction between the photosensitizer and the type of support (chitosan or titanium dioxide). The new cationic porphyrins and some of the materials were shown to be very stable in PBS and effective in the photoinactivation of E. coli bacterium. The physicochemical properties of TiO2 allowed the interaction of the PS with its surface, increasing the absorption profile of TiO2, which enables the use of visible light, inactivating the bacteria more efficiently than the corresponding PS immobilized on chitosan.
keywords
BIOLUMINESCENT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHOTODYNAMIC INACTIVATION; RESISTANT-BACTERIA; VISIBLE-LIGHT; METALLOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVES; PHOTOCATALYTIC DISINFECTION; ANTIBACTERIAL; PHOTOSENSITIZERS; WATER; PHOTOINACTIVATION
subject category
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
authors
Castro, KADF; Moura, NMM; Figueira, F; Ferreira, RI; Simoes, MMQ; Cavaleiro, JAS; Faustino, MAF; Silvestre, AJD; Freire, CSR; Tome, JPC; Nakagaki, S; Almeida, A; Neves, MGPMS
our authors
Armando Jorge Domingues Silvestre
Full professor
Carmen Sofia da Rocha Freire Barros
Coordinating Researcher
Flávio Alberto da Silva Figueira
Junior Researcheracknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, University of Aveiro and FCT/MCT for the financial support for QOPNA research Unit (FCT UID/QUI/00062/2019), FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-037296), CESAM (UID/hyrinAMB/50017/2013), CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 (FCT Ref. UID/CTM/50011/2013), and the FCT project PREVINE (FCT-PTDC/ASP-PES/29576/2017), through national funds and, where applicable, co-financed by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement, and to the Portuguese NMR Network. K.A.D.F. Castro also thanks CNPq for her post-doctoral scholarship (Process: 201107/2014-7). The research contracts of N.M.M. Moura (REF.-048-88-ARH/2018) and F. Figueira (REF.-168-89-ARH/2018) are funded by national funds (OE), through FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the article 23, of the Decree-Law 57/2016, of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017, of July 19. FCT is also acknowledge for the research contract under Stimulus of Scientific Employment 2017 to C.S.R. Freire (CEECIND/00464/2017).