abstract
The current study highlights rapid, sustainable, and cost-effective biosynthesis of silver (Ag), gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs), and bimetallic Au-AgNPs composites using bio-waste extract of Trapa natans. Growth of the NPs was monitored spectrophotometrically and peak was observed at similar to 525 nm, similar to 450 nm, and similar to 495 nm corresponding to Plasmon absorbance of AuNPs, AgNPs, and Au-AgNPs, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the size of AgNPs (similar to 15 nm), AuNPs (similar to 25 nm), and Au-AgNPs (similar to 26-90 nm). Synthesized NPs follow the Gaussian bell curve and its crystalline nature was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, Au-AgNPs induced cytotoxicity in various cancer cells (HCT116, MDA-MB-231, and HeLa) effectively at 200 mu g/mL. Au-AgNPs-exposed cancer cells exhibited apoptotic features such as nuclear condensation, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and cleavage of casp-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP). Au-AgNPs exposure enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upon inhibition of ROS, apoptosis was reduced effectively. NPs treatment killed HCT116 WT and p53 knockout cells without any significant difference. Mechanistically, Au-AgNPs derived with Trapa peel extract significantly enhance ROS which trigger p53-independent apoptosis in various cancer cells effectively. Our study explores the use of bio-waste for the green synthesis of NPs, which can be attractive candidates for cancer therapy.
keywords
GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; RAPID SYNTHESIS; ANTIOXIDANT; GREEN
subject category
Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
authors
Ahmad, N; Sharma, AK; Sharma, S; Khan, I; Sharma, DK; Shamsi, A; Kumar, TRS; Seervi, M
our authors
Dhananjay K. Sharma
Post-Doc Fellowship
Imran Khan
Post-Doc Fellowshipacknowledgements
This study was financially supported by DBT-PU-IPLS program (Sanction Number- BT/PR4577/INF/22/149/2012) and DST-SERB (YSS/2015/000755) Young Scientist Research Grant granted to M. Seervi, funded by Department of Biotechnology and Department of Science and Technology, Government of India respectively.