abstract
There is a lack of fundamental knowledge on deep eutectic solvents, even for the most extensively studied mixtures, such as the mixture of cholinium chloride and urea, which prevents a judicious choice of components to prepare new solvents. The objective of this work is to study and understand the fundamental interactions between cholinium chloride and urea that lead to the experimentally observed melting temperature depression. To do so, the structure of urea was strategically and progressively modified, in order to block certain interaction centres, and the solid-liquid equilibrium data of each new binary system was experimentally measured. Using this approach, it was concluded that the most important interaction between cholinium chloride and urea occurs through hydrogen bonding between the chloride anion and the amine groups. Any blockage of these groups severely hampers the melting point depression effect. Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations were utilized to study in more detail this hydrogen bonding and its nuances.
keywords
DEEP-EUTECTIC SOLVENTS; VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS; CHLORIDE; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; FUSION; GAS; SOLUBILITY; TOXICITY; GRADIENT
subject category
Chemistry; Physics
authors
Silva, LP; Araujo, CF; Abranches, DO; Melle-Franco, M; Martins, MAR; Nolasco, MM; Ribeiro-Claro, PJA; Pinho, SP; Coutinho, JAP
our authors
Dinis O. Abranches
Assistant Researcher
Liliana Patrocínio da Silva
Collaborator
Manuel Melle-Franco
Principal Researcher
Mariela Martins Nolasco
Assistant Researcher
Paulo Ribeiro-Claro
Associate Professor with AggregationGroups
G4 - Renewable Materials and Circular Economy
G6 - Virtual Materials and Artificial Intelligence
Projects
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UID/CTM/50011/2019)
Projeto de Investigação Exploratória: Mariela Nolasco (IF/01468/2015)
acknowledgements
This work was developed in the scope of the project CICECO -Aveiro Institute of Materials, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 (Ref. FCT UID/CTM/50011/2019) and Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984 (Ref. FCT UID/EQU/50020/2019), and project MultiBiorefinery (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403), all financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) and when appropriate co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. M. A. R. M. acknowledges financial support from NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006 funded by NORTE2020 through PT2020 and ERDF. L. P. S. acknowledges FCT for her PhD grant (SFRH/BD/135976/2018). C. F. A. acknowledges FCT for her PhD grant (SFRH/BD/129040/2017). M. M. N. and M. M. F. acknowledge FCT for their researcher contracts (IF/01468/2015 and IF/00894/2015 respectively) under the program IF 2015.