abstract
In view of recent energy crisis and environmental considerations, reductions of melting temperature and CO2 emissions during the production of commercial soda lime silicate (SLS) glass at industrial scale are major intentions. Here we show that this goal can be achieved by using carbonate-free borate minerals such as colemanite (Ca2B6O11.5H2O) and borax penta-hydrate (BPH, Na2B4O7.5H2O) as alternative sources for CaO and Na2O, respectively. The SLS glass melting temperature has decreased successively by the incorporation of B2O3 with substitution of equivalent wt% SiO2 resulting from gradual utilization of colemanite and BPH. Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) revealed that the melting temperature was decreased from 1650 degrees C, for the parent commercial SLS glass, to 1528 degrees C on use of colemanite and further down to 1072 degrees C on utilization of both colemanite and appropriate quantity of BPH up to which the properties of the pristine glass can be retained. Thus, energy consumption equivalent to reduction in melting temperature could be minimized during the glass production. Another important environmental benefit achieved by using carbonate free minerals is significant reduction (12%) of CO2 emissions during thermal decomposition in glass melting which could minimize greenhouse gas to the atmosphere at a great extent. Further, the addition of colemanite improved micro-hardness, elastic modulus and thermal properties of the pristine glass through polymerization of glass network structure. In contrast to the use of BPH as a source of more than 8 wt% Na2O deteriorated glass properties with the formation of non-bridging oxygens into the glass network.
keywords
SODIUM ALUMINOBORATE GLASSES; HIGH-RESOLUTION B-11; MEDIUM-RANGE ORDER; BOROSILICATE GLASSES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SITE CONNECTIVITIES; BORON-OXIDE; SUBSTITUTION; VISCOSITY; B2O3
subject category
Materials Science
authors
Khan, S; Allu, AR; Gaddam, A; Fernandes, HR; Dutta, S; Kongar, PS; Tarafder, A; Ferreira, JMF; Annapurna, K
our authors
Groups
G1 - Porous Materials and Nanosystems
G3 - Electrochemical Materials, Interfaces and Coatings
G5 - Biomimetic, Biological and Living Materials
Projects
Rede Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (PTNMR)
acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Suman Kumari Mishra, Director, CSIR-CGCRI for her encouragement and permission to publish this work. The NMR spectrometers are part of the National NMR Network (PTNMR) and are partially supported by Infrastructure Project N degrees 022161 (co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE 2020, POCI and PORL and FCT through PIDDAC). The authors are grateful for the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC and when appropriate co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. SK is thankful to the Board of Research in Nuclear Science (BRNS), the advisory board of Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) for financial support in the form of Senior Research Fellowship.