abstract
This manuscript reports the first example of up-conversion properties involving Yb3+ and Tb3+ ions in five isostructural Lanthanide-Organic Frameworks (LnOFs), herein designated as UCMarker-1 to UCMarker-5, respectively, and their application as optical probes for the identification of gunshot residues (GSRs) and the ammunition encryption procedure. The excitation of the Yb3+2 F-7/2 <-> F-2(5/2) transition (980 nm) at room temperature leads to visible up-conversion (UC) emission of Tb3+ D-5(4) -> F-7(J). The GSR and lead-free primer residues are easily identified upon UV radiation (lambda = 254 nm). These results prove that the exploration of LnOFs to identify GSR is attractive for the identification of ammunition origins or caliber recognition.
keywords
GUNSHOT RESIDUE; COORDINATION POLYMERS; THIN-FILMS; LUMINESCENCE; PARTICLES; COMPLEXES; SITES; IONS
subject category
Chemistry
authors
Weber, IT; Terra, IAA; de Melo, AJG; Lucena, MAD; Wanderley, KA; Paiva-Santos, CD; Antonio, SG; Nunes, LAO; Paz, FAA; de Sa, GF; Junior, SA; Rodrigues, MO
our authors
Filipe Alexandre Almeida Paz
Principal Researcheracknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge CNPq (INCT/INAMI, RHINCT/INAMI and CNPq-550388/2007-9), PRONEX-FACEPECNPq (APQ-0859-1.06/08) and FCT (PTDC/QUI-QUI/098098/2008-FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-010785) for its financial support and CETENE and LNLS (proposal D10A-XRD2-10164) for providing the facilities. We are also indebted to Patri ' cia Silva.