resumo
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography and the sugar composition and sulfation position by NMR and SAX-HPLC after enzymatic digestion. The CSs showed a prevalent 6S GaINAc sulfation for the 3 species (4S/6S ratio lower than 1). A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). The good extraction yields achieved make S. canicula, P. glauca and R. clavata fish industry by-products a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
palavras-chave
SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYALURONIC-ACID; URONIC-ACIDS; CARTILAGE; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; CHITOSANS; PROTEINS
categoria
Chemistry; Polymer Science
autores
Novoa-Carballal, R; Perez-Martin, R; Blanco, M; Sotelo, CG; Fassini, D; Nunes, C; Coimbra, MA; Silva, TH; Reis, RL; Vazquez, JA
nossos autores
Cláudia Nunes
Investigador Auxiliaragradecimentos
We thank to Francisco Javier Fraguas for his excellent technical assistance. Financial support from projects 0687_NOVOMAR_1_P (POCTEP Programme, EU) and iSEAS LIFE13 ENV/ES/000131 (LIFE+ Programme, EU) is acknowledged. The analysis using ICP-OES and IC techniques were carried out in the CACTI (University of Vigo). The NMR spectra were carried out in the CACTUS (University of Santiago). FCT/MEC for the financial support to CICECO (FCT UID/CTM/50011/2013; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679) and QOPNA research Unit (FCT UID/QUI/00062/2013), through national founds and co-financed by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. RNC (IF/00373/201) and CN (SFRH/BPD/100627/2014) thank the FCT foundation for funding.