resumo
Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) formed by water, ionic liquids (ILs), and salts, in which the two phases are water rich, are demonstrated here to act as potential membrane-free batteries. This concept is feasible due to the selective enrichment of redox organic molecules in each aqueous phase of ABS, which spontaneously form two liquid-phases above given concentrations of salt and IL. Therefore, the required separation of electrolytes in the battery is not driven by an expensive membrane that hampers mass transfer, but instead, by the intrinsic immiscibility of the two liquid phases. Moreover, the crosscontamination typically occurring through the ineffective membranes is determined by the partition coefficients of the active molecules between the two phases. The phase diagrams of a series of IL-based ABS are characterized, the partition coefficients of several redox organic molecules are determined, and the electrochemistry of these redox-active immiscible phases is evaluated, allowing appraisal of the battery performance. Several redox ABS that may be used in total aqueous membrane-free batteries with theoretical battery voltages as high as 1.6 V are identified. The viability of a membrane-free battery composed of an IL-based ABS containing methyl viologen and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy as active species is demonstrated.
palavras-chave
HYDROGEN-BOND ACIDITY; REDOX FLOW BATTERY; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; EXTRACTION; SEPARATION; ENERGY; STORAGE; SCALE; BOOST
categoria
Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
autores
Navalpotro, P; Neves, CMSS; Palma, J; Freire, MG; Coutinho, JAP; Marcilla, R
nossos autores
Catarina Maia Seco Seiça Neves
Investigador Auxiliar
Mara Guadalupe Freire Martins
Investigador CoordenadorGrupos
G4 - Materiais Renováveis e Economia Circular
G5 - Materiais Biomiméticos, Biológicos e Vivos
Projectos
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (UID/CTM/50011/2013)
Igy Technology: A Purication Platform using Ionic-Liquid-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems (IGYPURTECH)
agradecimentos
This work was partly developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) ref. UID/CTM/50011/2013). C.M.S.S.N. also acknowledges FCT for the postdoctoral grant SFRH/BPD/109057/2015. MFreeB and IgYPurTech projects have received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement Nos. 726217 and 337753). The results reflect only the authors' view and the Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information they contain. The authors also gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Government through project MAT2015-64167-C2-1-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE). P.N. acknowledges the Spanish Government for the personnel grant through the "Formacion Programa Investigador (FPI)" program (BES-2013-063098).