abstract
In this paper, phosphate-based compounds used in biomedicine were extracted from bones and scales of European sardines (Sardina pilchardus); this is the first time that different parts of the same fish are used for the extraction of these kinds of materials. The bones and scales behave very differently with processing, producing different materials when annealed between 600 and 1000 degrees C. The bones formed a mixture of hydroxyapatite (Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2), HAp) and beta-tri-calcium phosphate (beta-Ca-3(PO4)(2), beta-TCP), with a higher content of beta-TCP obtained with increasing temperature. This bi-phasic material has a high added value, as it is employed as a bioceramic; in fact HAp has good biocompatibility while beta-TCP has better resorbability than HAp, despite being less biocompatible. With scales, on the other hand, either a HAp-based material or a chlorine-substitute HAp containing material (chloroapatite (Ca-10(PO4)(6)Cl-2, ClAp) were produced. HAp-based material was obtained with a simple annealing process; for ClAp, on the other hand, a combined washing-annealing process was used. ClAp is also used in biomedicine, due to its improved resorption, mechanical properties and bioactivity. This is the first time ClAp of marine origin was produced. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.
keywords
PHOSPHATE-BASED MATERIALS; NATURAL HYDROXYAPATITE; TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE; HEAT-TREATMENT; FISH SCALES; EXTRACTION; BONES; APATITE; COMPOSITES; ADSORPTION
subject category
Materials Science
authors
Piccirillo, C; Pullar, RC; Tobaldi, DM; Castro, PML; Pintado, MME
our authors
David Maria Tobaldi
Researcher
Rob Pullar
Collaboratoracknowledgements
This work was funded through the ValorPeixe Project (QREN, AdI 13634). Authors also acknowledge PEst-C/CTM/LA0011/2013 and PEst-OE/EQB/LA0016/2013 programmes. C. Piccirillo thanks the FCT for Research Grant (SFRH/BPD/86483/2012), while R.C. Pullar wishes to thank the FCT Ciencia2008 programme for supporting his work.