authors |
Sen, A; de Melo, MMR; Silvestre, AJD; Pereira, H; Silva, CM |
nationality |
International |
journal |
JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS |
author keywords |
Cork; Friedelin; Modeling; Quercus cerris; Supercritical fluid extraction |
keywords |
EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS BARK; RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; TRITERPENIC ACIDS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BY-PRODUCTS; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; SUBER L.; CO2; OPTIMIZATION |
abstract |
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was applied for the first time to Quercus cerris cork, and compared with Soxhlet with dichloromethane (DCM). Novel triterpenes, viz. betulin and squalene, and beta-sitosterol were identified for the first time in the lipophilic extracts. The SFE at 300 bar and 40-80 degrees C provided extracts much richer in friedelin-the major compound from both SFE and DCM extracts - with concentrations up to 40.6 wt%, against 26.0 wt% for DCM. The SFE yields ranged between 0.97 and 1.81 wt% with pure CO2, and attained 2.83 wt% when ethanol was introduced as cosolvent (10 wt%). In this case, however, the friedelin concentration dropped significantly due to the additional removal of non-target compounds. In general, the experimental data and their trends were in accordance with the theoretical predictions of kinetic and equilibrium properties estimated in this work for the friedelin/SC-CO2 system. This study demonstrates that the SFE of Q cerris cork arises as a prospective pathway for a green and enhanced friedelin production process under the biorefinery concept. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
issn |
0896-8446 |
year published |
2015 |
volume |
97 |
beginning page |
247 |
ending page |
255 |
digital object identifier (doi) |
10.1016/j.supflu.2014.12.008 |
web of science category |
Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical |
subject category |
Chemistry; Engineering |
unique article identifier |
WOS:000348952800029
|